Indian Veterinary Research Institute IVRI is located at Izatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh state. It is under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. The Institute was established in 1889. It is India's premier advanced research facility in the field of veterinary medicine and allied branches.

IVRI PhD program written exam syllabus

Animal Biochemistry [Code: BCT]

Scope and importance of Biochemistry in animal science. Cell structure
and functions. Techniques of cell fractionation, Ultra-centrifugation and electron
microscopy. Chemistry and biological significance of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones. Enzymes, chemistry, kinetics,
mechanism of action and regulation. Metabolic inhibitors with special reference
to antibiotics and insecticides. Sub-unit structure of macromolecular and supramolecular
systems. Chemistry of antigens and antibodies and molecular basis
of immune reaction. Separation of macromolecules of biological significance,
their isolation, purification, and characterization. Radioimmuno assay and other
binding essays. Calorimtery, spectro-photometry, chromatography and
electrophoresis, Isotopic methods.
Bioenergetics and biological oxidation; Digestion of food, its absorption
and energy metabolism in ruminants and nonruminants. Metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids. Bio Synthesis of Proteins
and nucleic acids. Regulations of gene expression Chemistry of respiration
and gas transport. Water and electrolyte metabolism. Nutritional needs for
maintenance, growth and production. Significance of calorie proteins and
essential amino acids. Deficiency diseases, metabolic disorders and clinical
biochemistry. Metabolism of specialised tissues. Connective tissue, nervous
tissue, muscle, blood, cartilage and bone and mammary tissue; Endocrine
glands, Biosynthesis of hormones and their mechanism of action.
Fundamental principles of human nutrition. Nutritional significance of
animal products. Environmental factors like heat, cold, radiation and
environmental pollutants.

Animal Biotechnology (Code : BTY)

Cell biology, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering-The structure
of animal cell, organization of the cytoplasm, cell organization of the cytoplasm,
cell organelles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes,
nucleolus and sub-nuclear structures, molecular organization of cell membrane
and transport across cell membrane, cell-division and cell cycle, control of
proliferation, cell to cell signalling, cell receptors, cell transformation,
characteristics of tumour cells, oncogenes and their proteins.
Packaging of DNA and eukaryotic chromosome, organization of genes
on chromosome, pseudogenes, eukaryotic genome sequestered in organelles
and organelles expressing their own genes, mitochondrial genome in mammals,
mammalian satellite DNA, Mobile genetic element, tandem gene clusters,
Promoters, RNA processing and RNA splicing.
Gene structure, organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome
nucleases, DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination, RNA biosynthesis,
genetic code, ribosomes, mRNA, regulation and control of transcription.
Transcription initiation and termination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
processing of rRNA and tRNA editing.
Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, synthesis of nucleic acids,
importance of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. In vitro DNA synthesis,
oligonucleotides, role of DNA ligases, DNA and RNA polymerases of eukaryotes
and prokaryotes and their mode of action, regulatory proteins that affect RNA
polymerase, functional promoters RNA replicase and polynucleotide kinase,
reverse transcriptase; protein biosynthesis, ribosomes and the site of protein
synthesis, RNA, amino acid activation for protein synthesis, regulation and
control of translation and post translational modification.
Virus replication, description of major groups of DNA and RNA viruses,
oncogenic viruses, animal viruses commonly used in molecular biology,
recombination in bacteria, fungi and viruses, transformation, conjugation and
transduction, molecular mechanism of spontaneous and induced mutations,
site-directed mutagenesis.
Isolation and purification of DNA from prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
DNA fingerprinting, RFLP, restriction enzymes, DNA cloning, cloning vectors,
production of recombinant plasmids, construction of genomic and cDNA libraries,
identification of specific clones, southern/northern blotting techniques,
polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid probes and nucleic acid hybridization,
radioisotopes and their handling, recombinant DNA technology applications in
animal health and production, biosafety, identification and isolation of important
genes, gene transfer in eukaryotes, techniques of gene transfer.
Animal tissue culture and Hybridoma technology-Cell culture
techniques, culture of different tissues and organs and its applications,
maintenance and preservation of cell culture, nutritional requirements of cells,
replica plating, In situ hybridization in cells and micro-manipulation.
Somatic cell hybrids in gene analysis of animal cells, theory of
monoclonal antibody production, immunization of mice; myeloma cell lines and
their maintenance, cryopreservation of clones, cell fusion, screening assays-
ELISA, IFAT, RIA, subcloning, expansion of clones, In vitro and in vivo
production of monoclonal antibodies, isotyping and binding of Mabs, application
of Mabs in diagnostics.
Embryo transfer technology-Folliculogenesis, superovulation, hormonal
control of ovulation, fertilization and embryo development, collection of embryos
(surgical/non-surgical), embryo transfer, oocyte maturation in vitro, sperm
capacitation, sperm-oocyte interaction, in vitro fertilization, in vitro and in vivo
development of embryos; factors affecting embryo development in vitro, and
embryo culture, embryo freezing, sexing, bisection and blastomere cloning of
embryos, production of transgenic animals.
Biophysics and Bioprocess technology-General structure of proteins,
enzymes and co-enzymes in protein function, membrane proteins, glycoproteins
and glycolipids; physico-chemical characterization of proteins, classification
of proteins and organizationof peptides and proteins, conformation of
polypeptides (protein) chain, protein folding; protein extraction from biological
samples and their estimation, purification of proteins and electrophoretic
analysis including western blotting. Structure and classification of amino acids,
physico-chemical properties and analysis of amino acids; structure and
functions of nucleic acids, structural and chemical features of various types of
DNA and RNA, physico-chemical properties of DNA and RNA; microbial
fermentation process, production of biomass, seperation and purification
methods, modification of specific products, continuous processing,
immobilization methods for enzymes and cells, specific application of biopriocess
technology in veterinary science.

Animal Genetics & Breeding [Code : AGB]

Epigenesis, pangenesis and inheritance of acquired characters, cell
structure and functional organization of cell, mitosis and meiosis, reproductive
cycles in bacteria, virus and fungi, Mendel's laws, dominance relations and
multiple alleles in diploid organisms, gene interaction,sex determination, sex
linkage, maternal effects, cytoplasmic heredity, quantitative inheritance, linkage
and recombination, gene mapping in diploids, different types of chromosomes,
changes in chromosome structure. Gene structure and its function, gene and
genotype frequencies and equilibrium, role of selection, mutation and migration
and random drift in evolution, speciation and evolution.
Individual vs population gene and genotype frequencies, processes
affecting gene frequencies, ideal and non-ideal populations, effective
population size, inbreeding theory of path coefficient, concept and estimation
of F System of inbreeding components of variance and their estimation,
continuous variation and its mode of inheritance, resemblance between
relativies, heritability and its estimation basis and methods of selection, efficiency
of selection, selection response and its prediction genetic gains ,inbreeding
and cross-breeding, general and specific combining ability, heterosis, sire
evaluation, breeds of various important livestock species, population statistics
of livestock species, breeding programmes in various livestock species in vogue
in India and abroad, general concept of ETT and MOET schemes.

Animal Nutrition [Code : ANT]

General Nutrition: Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, their digestion
and metabolism, Protein value of feed, measure of protein quality, application
of protein quality in feeding practices and supplementary value of proteins;
Intake and utilization of energy and nutrients of feeds. Essential fatty acids
and their role in lipogenesis in relation to nutrition. Requirement of energy,
protein, minerals (macro and micro). Vitamins and additives for poultry and
pigs; protein-energy inter-relationship, comparative digestion of nutrients in
various species.
Feeds and animals body composition; function of water in animal body;
metabolism and utilization of nutrients (carbohydrates; fats; proteins, nonprotein
nitrogen, minerals and vitamins); rumen digestion and metabolism;
effect of different feeds on rumen microbial activity. Classification of bacteria
and protozoa, influence of various factors effecting the microbial activity.
Maintenance of continuous fermentation system and a consideration of its
limitation. Factors affecting rumen development; non-protein nitrogen
metabolism in the rumen. Animal feeds and fodders, quality of forage related
to production, various schemes of partitioning carbohydrates; limitation of the
Weende methods of forage analysis; detergent method of feed analysis;
chemical and biological evaluation of feeds and forages including in vitro
digestibility trials; study of animal energetics and basic description of animals
relative to the requirements of energy and protein; role of antibiotics, hormones
and other biostimulators; importance of trace minerals in ruminant nutrition
and their relationship with vitamins and hormones.
Applied Nutrition-Feeding standards, their evolution and significance,
feeding standards as hypothetical rations; feeding standards as indispensable
guides, protein, vitamin and mineral supplements; translation of feeding
standards in meal mixture specification, preparation of mixed mineral
supplements; flexible formula for non-ruminant meal mixtures, creep rations
for piglets, quality control of feedstuffs, ISI standard; feed cost of non-ruminant
production; efficiency of non-ruminants for feed conversion into animal products.
Statistical design and evaluation of feeding trials; Nutrient requirement
of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats at various stages of growth, production
and reproduction; present feeding standards and their limitations; factors
affecting the nutritional requirements of ruminants; nutrients and their
metabolism with reference to production and composition of milk, meat and
wool; Relation of feed value to its chemical composition; nutritional factors
affecting the quality and quantity of milk, meat and wool; input-output relationship
and feed conversion efficiency for different traits; methods and procedures
used in formulating economically balanced rations, calf starters, efficiency of
feed conversion into animal products; agro industrial by-products; their feeding
value and incorporation in meal mixtures; supply and demand of animal feeds
in the country.

Livestock Production & Management (Code : LPM)

General concept of livestock production and management in Indian
agroclimatic and socio-economic conditions; Impact of livestock farming in Indian
agriculture; Breeds, population and production statistics of various livestock
species i.e. catle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs in India and their
comparison with world statistic; various livestock development project
programmes and their performance; role of livestock farming in proverty
alleviation among rural poors.
Concepts of livestock housing under tropical and temperate climate
adaptation and acclimatization; thermoregulation, heat tolerance of domestic
animals; heat stress and summer management of livestock; types of animal
housing; detail of loose housing for dairy cattle and buffaloes; space
requirements for various categories of livestock in different housing Systems.
Production and reproduction management of different species of
livestock; lactation management; physilogy of lactation and milk secretion;
concept of machine milking in dairy cattle and buffaloes.
Labour requirement for different farm operations of various species of
livestock farms; animal transportation and its regulations; knowledge of various
livestock farm equipment and their maintenance.
Livestock behaviour and performance; application of knowledge of
livestock behaviour for the effective management of various species of livestock;
concept of livestock behaviours and welfare measures; classification of livestock
behaviours.
Specific management practices for various species of livestock; rearing
young and growing stock; management of milch, dry and pregnant stock;
management of breeding stock; concept of mixed farming.
Feeding management of various livestock species; health care and
management of livestock; preventive measures to be taken in livestock farms.

Importance of bullock power in Indian agriculture; bio-gas production;
utilisation and waste management of livestock farms; livestock insurance;
livestock project planning and financing; role of cooperatives for livestock
development.

Livestock Products Technology [Code: LPT]

Composition : Meat, milk, fish, poultry and eggs; Technology of
processing and preservation of livestock products; methods and equipment;
Methods of processing and storage of meat and meat products, milk and milk
products, eggs and poultry meat; Industrial food preservation, refrigeration,
freezing, freeze drying, dehydration, canning, radiopasteurization, chemical :
additives, curing, smoking, cooking of meat products. Nutritional, chemical
organoleptic and microbiological quality of animal foods; Evaluation and
maintenance of quality and wholesomeness; Factors affecting quality of foods.
Postmortem aspect of muscle as meat : Ageing of meat; histological and
chemical changes; Tenderization and other uses of proteoloytic enzymes;
Production of protein hydrolysate and other processed foods. New product
developments.
Processing and utilization of various animal by-products. Slaughterhouse
offal, methods of utilization, blood hides and skins, bones, horns and
hooves, wool, hair and feathers, glands casings and other minor by-products;
Animal by-product plant, planning, sanitation methods of operation. Marketing,
Livestock production and supply characteristics; meat consumption and related
demands; types of markets and trends in marketing livestock products and
by-products; wholesale retail, future trends; consumer education and
awareness, Grades and grading and quality control; regulatory and inspection
measures, I.S.I. standards. Corporate bodies in regulating markets, marketing
boards, internal trade and development of international market for livestock
products; Economics of production; processing, preservation and distribution.
Origin and source of animal foods, Lay out construction, designing,
organisation, maintenance and management of abattoirs, Preslaughter care
and slaughtering techniques for different kinds of meat animals and birds.
Emergency slaughter; Elements of meat hygiene; Ante-mortem and
postmortem inspection; condemnation and destruction of unit material; Physical
and chemical characteristics of meat tissue and principal organs. Facilities
relating to sanitation in plant operation. Adulteration and misrepresentation
of meat; Biochemical and deteriorative changes in meat, State municipal and
other regulations pertaining to meat trade, Bacterial, parasitic and other meat
borne infections and infestations; Spoilage of meat and meat products,
Regulation and implica-tion of chemical additives used in meat, Sanitary
standards for meat packing plants and meat stalls. Labeling and inspection of
processed meat, foods; Meat products order.

Poultry Science [Code : PSC]

Genetics and Breeding-Breeds and breed characteristics; Mendelian
traits in poultry-Its inheritance and usefulness; Economically important poultry
inheritance; Gene action influencing them. Population genetics and path
coefficients affecting such traits; heritability and Genetic correlations-their
computation and application; Selection-natural, artificial, directive, disruptive,
stabilizing individual, size and dam family, sib selection, progeny testing,

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