I want the syllabus of M.Sc. Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) of Krishna University so can you please provide me?

Krishna University was established in 2008. It is located in Machilipatnam Krishna district Andhra Pradesh, India. It is approved by University Grants Commission UGC.

Krishna University M.Sc. Organic Chemistry entrance exam syllabus

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY::

1. Reactivity of organic molecules: Types of organic reagents, and reactions fission of
covalent bonds - electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical reagents - explanation of substitution, addition
and elimination reactions with examples - bond polarisation, inductive and mesomeric effects, acidity and
basicity of organic molecules. Isomerism of different structural and stereoisomerism with examples. 2.
IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds: Hydrocarbons and compounds coantaining one functional
group. 3. Effect of structure on physical properties: Hydrogen bond's definition and its effect on solubility
and physical properties with respect to alcohols and acids. 4. Acidity and Basicity: Dissociation constants
Ka, pKa, Kb, pKb-5. Acidic and basic natures of carboxylic acids, amines, nitroalkanes, phenols, alcohols
and alkynes. 6. Alkanes: Sources and general characteristics of alkanes, preparations, physical properties
and chemical reactivity based on structure - free radicals - proof of structure - Introduction to confirmation
analysis - ethane and n-butane. 7. Cyclic alkanes: Preparation, Physical and chemical properties
conformation of cyclopentane and cyclohexane and its mono substituted derivatives. 8. Alkenes:
Reactivity based on structure - preparation and properties of alkenes - Mechanism of electrophilic addition
cis-trans isomerism - E,Z configuration - dienes, their reactions, concept of resonance - 1:4 - addition and
1,2-addition, Polymerization Eg., rubber.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY::

1) Chemical Bonding: Detailed description of L.C.A.O. in M.O
theory, Bonding, antibonding and non-bonding orbitals, M.O configurations of simple diatomic molecules.
H2, N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO and their ions. 2) p-Block elements: Preparations, bonding and stereo
chemistry of the following. A) Boron Group: Electron deficiency and acceptor behaviour, Boron hydrides,
boranes, carboranes and Borazole, Boron and aluminium halides, aluminium alkyls. B) Carbon Group:
Carbonyls, Carbides, silicates, silicones, C) Nitrogen Group: Hydrazine, hydroxylamine and hydrazoic
acid, oxides and oxy compounds. D) Oxygen group: Oxygen fluorides, Oxides, Oxyacids and halides of
Sulphur, Selenium and Tellurium, peracids of Sulphur. E) Halogen group: Oxides and Oxyacids of
chlorine, polyhalides, basic properties of halogens, pseudohalogens, Interhalogen compounds. F)
Compounds of noble gases. 3. Principles of analytical chemistry: A) Titrimetry: Acid-base titrations, redox
titrations, Precipitation titrations, complexometric titrations(E.D.T.A. titrations), theory of Indicators. B)
Qualitative and semi-microanalysis: Reaction involved in the separation and identification of anions and
cations. C) Gravimetry: Theory of Precipitation, co precipitation and post precipitation.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY::

1. Atomic Structure :Wave nature of electron - Uncertainty Principle -
Schrodinger wave equation (Derivation is not necessary) Dependence of probability functions on distance

from nucleus - shapes of atomic orbitals. 2. Ionic Equilibria: Ostwald's dilution Law - Solubility product and
common ion effect - applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis. 3. Gaseous state: Ideal gas
equation Heat capacities of gases - Law of equipartition on energy, deviation from gas Laws -
VanderWaal's equation - critical phenomena - Isotherms of CO - Determination of critical constants -
Relation between critical constants and VanderWaal's constants - Law of corresponding states –
applications Joule-Thomson effect: Inversion temperature, Liquifaction of gases. 4. Solutions: Solutions of
gases in liquids - Henry's Law Binary liquid mixtures partial miscibility - critical solution temperature -
complete miscibility -deviation from Raoult's Law- distillation - Azeotropic mixtures, complete immiscibility
- steam distillation - Distribution Law - applications.

SECTION – B : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:: 1. Bonding in metals: General properties of metals, crystal
structure of metals, free electron and valence bond theory - Band theory of metals, semiconductors, and
insulators, General Principles of extraction of metals, Metallurgy of Nickel, Uranium and thorium. 2. dblock
elements: Electronic configuration and comparative study of elements of first transition series with
reference to atomic and ionic radii, ionisation potential, redox potential, Oxidation states, -magnetic
properties, complex formation, metallic nature, catalytic activity, colour and special trends in physical and
chemical preparation in passing from the first to the second and to the third series.3. f-Block Elements:
Electronic configuration-general properties ionic size-oxidation states-magnetic properties - lanthanide
contraction - separation of Lanthanides by ion exchange and solvent extraction techniques. 4. Nuclear
Chemistry: Artificial transmutation, Nuclear reactions, spallation, nuclear fission and fusion, Radioactive
isotopes, tracer chemistry carbon dating, some typical applications in industry, agriculture, medicine and
biochemistry, therapeutic uses of isotopes.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY::

1. Alkynes - Reactivity based on structure - preparation and properties of alkynes - Mechanism of electrophilic addition. 2. Arenes: Coal,
Source of aromatic compounds - structure of benzene and concept of aromaticity mechanism of
electrophilic aromatic substitution - Orientation in aromatic substitution - alkylbenzenes, naphthalene,
anthracene. 3. Halogen compounds: Reactivity based on structure - preparation of allyl, aryl and aralkyl
halides - physical and chemical properties - reactivity of alkyl halides - mechanism and stereochemistry of
nucleophilic substitution -relative reactivity of alkyls and aryl halides -polyhalogen compounds. Fluorocompounds
- isomerism in halogen derivatives. 4. Hydroxy compounds: Reactivity based on structure -
preparation of alcohols, and phenols-physical properties and hydrogen bonding - chemical properties -
comparison of reactivity of alcohols phenols, - poly hydroxy compounds, ethyleneglycol and glycerol
industrial significance of methanol, ethanol, ethyleneglycol, glycerol, phenol. 5. Ethers: Reactivity based
on structure - preparation and properties- functional isomerism- cyclic ethers. 6. Carbonyl compounds:
Aldehydes and ketones - Reactions based on structure - preparation and properties - mechanism of
nucleophilic addition - aldol, Cannizzaro, Grignard reaction - Benzoin condensation - addition of NaHSO3
and HCN - difference in the reactivity of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones. 7. Monocarboxylic
acids and their derivatives: Reactivity based on the structure of carboxyl group preparation properties
acidic nature of carboxyl group, mechanism of esterification and ester hydrolysis - preparation and
properties of acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and esters. 8. Organic synthesis based on carbonions:
Sources and generation of carbonions - Claisen condensation - keto-enol tautomerism - synthetic
applications ethylacetoacetate and diethyl malonate. 9. Nitrogen compounds: Alkyl nitrites and
nitroalkanes - Nitrobenzene - Amines - classification, preparation, basic character, reactivity and
separation. Aryl diazonium salts and their synthetic applications - cyanides and isocyanides.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY::

1. Solid state: Laws of symmetry - rystal systems- Internal structure of crystals- lattice
planes and Unit cells, Bragg's equation and its application in crystal structure. Defects of crystals - Frenkel
and Schottky's defects. 2. Phase Rule: Statement and explanation of terms, Construction of phase
diagrams. Detailed application of water on Silver-Lead and Salt-water systems. 3. Colloids: Distinguishing
features -classification - Mechanical Electrical and optical properties and uses of colloids - stability,
coagulation - protection of colloids, Gold number. 4. Emulsions and Gels: Donnan membrane equilibrium -
origin of charge on colloids - Zeta potential. 5. Adsorption: Types of adsorption - Factors effecting
adsorption Freundlich and Laugmuir's adsorption isotherm. 6. Macromolecules: Number-average and
weight average molecular weights, determination of molecular weight by osmotic pressure method.

SECTION – C:

Inorganic Chemistry :

1. Coordination Chemistry: Double salts - coordination compounds,
Earlier theories of Coordination compounds - Werner's theory and Sidwick's electronic interpretation -
EAN rule - Nomenclature, Magnetic criteria of bond type, valence bond theory, Elementary treatment of
crystal field theory. Splitting of d-orbitals for Octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar geometry.
Structural Isomerism, Stereo isomerism - Geometrical and optical: Detection and formation of complexes
- composition by Job's method: Factors effecting Stability constants. Application of complexes in
qualitative and quantitative analysis. 2. Organo metallic compounds: Definition and classification,
Synthesis, properties and structures and application of organometallic compounds of Li, Mg, B, Zn and
Sn. 3. Alloys: Solid solutions, intermetallic compounds Hume-Rothary rules. Role of metal ions in
Biological systems - Importance of the metal ions namely Hg, K, Zn, Fe Functions of Haemoglobin,
Chlorophyll and Nitrogenase.

Organic Chemistry:

1. Carbohydrates: Classification - Open chain and cyclic structures of glucose and
fructose - Muta Rotation - Inter conversions of monosaccharides - Mention of configuration of (+)-glucose
and (-)-Fructose. 2. Stereo Chemistry: Basic characteristics of light - introduction of the following terms
(Definition and Examples) Polarised light, polarimeter, specific rotation, assymetry, dysymmetry,
configuration, inversions, retention, enantiomers, diasteriomers meso compounds, Epimers - Optic
isomerism - Optical activity, Racemisation and Resolution - Relative and absolute configurations D&L and
R&S notations. 3. Amino acids: Classification of natural aminoacids, Methods of synthesis, physical and
chemical properties - Isoelectric point -Zwitter-ion. Heterocyclic compounds: Furan, Thiophene and
Pyrrole - Methods of synthesis - Aromatic Character and Reactivity. 4. Alkaloids and Terpenoids:
Classification, Isolation, synthesis and structural elucidation of piperine, conine and citral. 5. Structural
elucidation of organic compounds: Characteristics of spectrums: UV and IR spectra of simple organic
compounds. Types of electronic transitions-fundamental vibrations (strecting and Bonding) - Identification
of functional groups of organic compounds.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:

Collegative Properties: Relative lowering of Vapour Pressure - Osmosis and
Osmotic pressure - relation between osmotic pressure and relative lowering of vapour pressure. Laws of
Osmosis- Osmosis-VantHoff's factor - abnormal molecular weights. Elevation in boiling point and
depression in freezing point- experimental determination. 2. Chemical kinetics: Definition of terms - Rate
equation for first, Second and third order reactions - Methods of determination of order. Zero order
reaction - effect of temperature on rates - activation energy - collision theory of bimolecular reactions.
(qualitative treatment) Application of Chemical kinetics in understanding the mechanism of a chemical
reaction w.r.t SN
1 and SN
2) 3. Photochemistry: Grothus-Draper's Law - Einstein's Law of photochemical
equivalence - quantum efficiency - abnormal quantum yields - photo chemistry of H2-Br2 and H2-Cl2
reactions.(qualitative treatments) Fluorescence, Phosphorescence - Photosynthesis and its mechanism.
4. Thermodynamics: Definition of terms - I Law of thermodynamics and its applications - Heat capacities,
constant volume and constant pressure. Isothermal and adiabatic changes work of expansion -
reversibility and maximum work Kirchoff's equations- II Law - Carnot's cycle - entropy change -
elementary concepts of entropy and free energy significance -●s, ●G in reversible and irreversible
processes - ●G as a measure of spontaneity of a reaction. Gibb's-HelmHoltz equations. Electrochemistry:
Conductance, specific conductance, equivalent conductance, measurement and their dependence of
concentration - conductometric titrations and applications of conductivity measurement (Determination of
Ka, Kh, Kw and solubility product. Transport number - Determination by Hittorf's method - Kolrausch Law
and its applications, behaviour of strong electrolytes - Debye-Huckel theory (Non-mathematical
treatment). Electromotive force EMF of cells - Single electrode potentials - NHE and Calomel electrode.
Environmental chemistry- Air, Water and Radio Active Pollutions and harmful effects-some organic and
inorganic pollutants - Toxicity of Pb, Cd, Hg, and Phosphorous pesticides.