The details of the sample question paper for the KVPY examination which is held for the National Program of Fellowship in Basic Sciences, initiated and funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India is as follows.

1. Why are the enzymes activate in a specific range?
A. Enzymes are made up of proteins which usually activate in 5ºc ñ 45ºc. Below 5ºc enzyme become freezed while at more than 45ºc temp they become denatured.

2. Why plants can do photosynthesis in visible light ?
A. Because two kind of photosystems are present in plants which are known as PS- / P700 & PS / P680 that can absorb only 700nm & 680nm light respectively.

3. How we get innate immunity ?
A. Innate immunity is present from birth. This kind of immunity is obtained from immunoglobin G & A. Specially gG can pass through the placenta.

4. What is the difference between antibiotics and antibodies ?
A. Antibioticsare specific chemicals which areobtained from microbes but antibodies arespecific immunoglobins
which are formed inside the living being against a specific antigen.

5. What will happen if we provide O+ve blood to an Oñve person at first time ?
A. No effect i.e. the person can survive because antibodies are not formed in sufficient amount against
inserted antigen.

6. Why canít we see in normal light just after coming from high light intensity ?
A. There are 2 reasons -
i) due to the change in lens shape / focal length.
ii) In high light intensity Rhodopsin has been dissociate in Retinene & Scotopsin. Rhodopsin in Light in dark Retinene + Scotopsin + Energy & A little time is required to sysnthesize rhodopsin again.

7. Is there any relation in body size & heartbeat?
A. Yes, if body size is small then heart beat will be greater because of quick circulation in small sized body.

8. What will happen if lungs are replaced by balloon?
A. It will burst due to absence of stretch-receptors.

9. What will happen if we put shoot tipless potted plant towards an open window in a dark room ?
A. It will never bent toward the light due to absence of rich auxin.

10. What will happen if we cut the cardiac nerve?
A. First the heart beat become irregular & after a short time it will be rhythmic

11. Why can’t restriction enzyme cut its source DNA?
A. Restriction enzymes can’t cut bacterial or source DNA because it is methylated.

12. Why does the people live at high altitude have reddish skin?
A. Because at high altitude atmospheric pressure is low in compare to plane area and haemoglobin is not able to bind with sufficient O2 . So number of R.B.C. (amount of Hb) increase to make balance in the body state.

13. Why the plant cloning is easier than animal cloning?
A. Because plants have more totipotent cells in compare to animals.

14. Why organs have specific functions although the whole animal body is made of a single cell zygote ?
A. Because during embryonic development gene switch - off & switch on mechanism occur which leads in differentiation.

15. How do migratory birds identify their way ?
A. They use earth ës magnetic field & angle of sunlight which is coming to their eye, to identify the way.

16. Why is CO harmful for humans but not for the insects ?
A. In human blood haemoglobin work as respiratory pigment which having the highest binding capability with CO but in insects respiratory pigment is absent so diffusion of gases do not interrupted.

17. How can animal recognize their infants ?
A. Animals like cattle identify their infants by their pheromone which they apply on them during lapping.

18. What will happen if we eliminate all the secondary consumers from a food chain ?
A. Number of tertiary consumers will decrease due to absence of their food & Number of primary consumers will increase because of the absence of their predators.

19. Why do only specific microbes can do nitrogen fixation?
A. Because of presence of nif-gene.