After completing M.Phil Sociology you can make a career as a lecturer/faculty member not only in the academic field but also in various fields in capacities like:

Field work analyst,
Human resource officer,
Research assistant, etc.

In research, you can become a:
Data analyst,
Survey researcher,
Project manager and so on

You can work as counsellors in hospitals or with NGOs, also can work as a data collection officer in the filed of medical research.

You can be appointed as probation officers in child welfare schemes and juvenile homes. Sociology is also a good option for those who appear for the civil services examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission.