Give me syllabus for National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), PHD entrance examination ?

Here I am giving you syllabus for National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), PHD entrance examination below :

NIPER Ph.D Entrance Exam Syllabus

Pharmaceutical Technology.
Natural Products.
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Pharmaceutics and Formulation.
Pharmaceutical Analysis.
Biotechnology.
Practice of Pharmacy.

Exam Pattern :-

Total Number of questions will be 200.
Total duration of exam will be 2 hours.

Medicinal chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature, R and S nomenclature, E and Z isomerism, ,
Conformations
Hybridization, aromaticity, Huckles rule reaction mechanisms- Electrophilic, Nucleophilic , SN1, SN2, Elimination E1 E2 etc.
Ester hydrolysis, Aac1 Aac2……all eight mechanisms(Jerry march) Markovnikoves rule, Bredts rule, Stereoselectivity, stereospecificity, regioselesctivity, chemoselectivity, chirality, stereochemistry, conformations, rearrangements, acids and bases.
Imine-enamine Tautamerism, keto-enol tautamerism, pericyclic reactions, racemic mixture, resolution methods.

Amino acids proteins, various methods for amino acid detection, Ninhydrin test, peptide sequencing, structures of amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids,
Introduction to thermal methods of analysis like, TGA, DSC DTA etc.
Carbohydrates classification, osazone test, mutarotation, etc,
Various Heterocycles, Heterocycle synthesis, reactions,.
Introduction to Redox reactions
Spectroscopy: (basics specially): VVIMP topic.
NMR, and C-NMR ranges from Morrison & Boyd

Mass, Basic concepts about various peaks M+1, molecular ion, base peak etc. IR, Frequencies of various groups specially carbonyls. UV (finding the lamda max values)

Chromatography: detailed especially HPLC, HPTLC and other modern techniques and basic fundamental theory like van demeter equation, resolution, hetp etc.
Reaction kinetics, first second third and pseudo first order reactions, radiolabelling for determination of mechanism.
Common condensation reactions like aldol, claisen perkin , dickmenn, darzen etc.
Other reactions like cannizarros reaction, prins reaction, especially reactions of carbonyl compounds.

Natural Products:
Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products. Various
separation techniques used for isolation of natural products.
Biosynthetic pathways.
Primary metabolites, their examples.
Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (eg. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, etc.). Here most imp. part is chemistry of these classes.
Important therapeutic classes: antidiabetics, hepatoprotectives, immmunomodulators, neutraceuticals, natural products for gynaecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral
(mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.
Dietary antioxidants, Marine natural products, Plant growth regulators.
Fischer projection formulas.
Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)
Standardization of natural products, analytical pharmacognosy.
What is difference between natural products and pharmacognosy ?
Some knowledge about types and preparation of ayurvedic formulatios like asava, arista etc.

Pharmacology and toxicology:
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects.

Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME
Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.
Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways etc.
Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.
Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
Detailed study of CNS pharmacology specially opiod receptors
Study of basis of threshold areas of work in NIPER in pharmacology dept. mentioned in brochure.
Diseases: study of the pharmacology of the diseases and drugs used with mode of action especially of diabetes, malaria, leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and immunomodualtion.
Chemotherapy and pathophysiology- knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of
action and the microorganisms responsible for various common diseases.
Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.

Pharmaceutics and Formulation
Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various release patterns eg. Controlled release, delayed release. Sustained release etc., order of release. Oral controlled DDS, factors affecting controlled release.
Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactants, proteins, lipids, prodrugs etc.
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): principles, absorption enhancers, evaluation of TDDS.
Parenterals: requirements, advantages, disadvantages, release pattern, route of drug delivery.
Drug targeting: microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, etc. and some idea on polymers used in this field.
Preformulation detailed.
Complexation, solubilization, polymerization, viscosity measurements.
Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form.
Additives of formulation, types, examples, advantages, disadvantages, drug excipient interaction, incompatibility, various types of incompatibilities.

10. Dosage forms: solid (tablets, capsules, pills etc), liquid (emulsion, suspension etc),

sterile ( injectables), aerosols. Principles, advantages, disadvantages and problems.

11. Packaging: materials, labeling etc. Types of containers (eg. Tamper-proof containers)
12. In process controls, Product specification, documentation.
13. Compartmental modeling.
14. Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies. Methods of improvement of oral bioavailability.
15. Evaluation of formulation, principles and methods of release control in oral formulations.

Pharmaceutical analysis:
1. Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf life determination, thermal stability, formulation stability.
2. Various analytical techniques
3. Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests, disintegration and dissolution tests.
4. Thermal techniques: DSC, DTA, TGA, etc.
5. Chromatography- detailed.
6. QA and QC: GLP, TQM, ISO system.
7. Solubility: pH, pka, surfactant HLB values, Rheology. (IMP)
8. Crystallinity, polymorphism, solvates and hydrates, crystal habits, porosity, surface area flow properties.
9. Dosage forms, Stages of dosage form development
10. Osmolality, osmolarity, osmotic pressure, conductivity,
Biotechnology

1. Gene expression, mutation, replication, transcription, translation, recombination, bacteriophages.

2. Fermentation: fermenters, fermentation process, its regulation, conditions, bioprocessors, various enzymes in fermentation technology. Fermentation of Antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, hydroxy acids such as lactic acid etc.
3. Gene therapy: methods and applications.
4. Monoclonal antibodies, insulin, interferons, enkephylins, angiotensin analogues and other peptides.
5. Enzymes, types of enzymes and enzyme kinetics etc.
6. Use of microorganisms in pharmaceutical industries.

Practice of Pharmacy:
Adverse Drug Reactions,
Rational drug use as well as some typical case studies in diabetes and hypertension