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RDBMS Notes for MBA Program

INTRODUCTION
Most of the problems faced at the time of implementation of any system are outcome of a poor database design. In many cases it happens that system has to be
continuously modified in multiple respects due to changing requirements of users. It is very important that a proper planning has to be done.
A relation in a relational database is based on a relational schema, which consists of number of attributes.

A relational database is made up of a number of relations and corresponding relational database schema.

The goal of a relational database design is to generate a set of relation schema that allows us to store information without unnecessary redundancy and also to retrieve
information easily.

One approach to design schemas that are in an appropriate normal form. The normal forms are used to ensure that various types of anomalies and inconsistencies are not
introduced into the database.

WHAT IS RDBMS?

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. RDBMS data is structured in database tables, fields and records. Each RDBMS table consists of database table
rows. Each database table row consists of one or more database table fields.

RDBMS store the data into collection of tables, which might be related by common fields (database table columns). RDBMS also provide relational operators to manipulate
the data stored into the database tables. Most RDBMS use SQL as database query language.

The most popular RDBMS are MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL.

The relational model is an example of record-based model. Record based models are so named because the database is structured in fixed format records of several
types.

Each table contains records of a particular type. Each record type defines a fixed number of fields, or attributes. The columns of the table correspond to the attributes of
the record types. The relational data model is the most widely used data model, and a vast majority of current database systems are based on the relational model.

The relational model was designed by the IBM research scientist and mathematician, Dr. E.F.Codd. Many modern DBMS do not conform to the Codd’s definition of a RDBMS, but nonetheless they are still considered to be RDBMS.

Two of Dr.Codd’s main focal points when designing the relational model were to further reduce data redundancy and to improve data integrity within database systems.

The relational model originated from a paper authored by Dr. codd entitled “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”, written in 1970. This paper included
the following concepts that apply to database management systems for relational databases.

The relation is the only data structure used in the relational data model to represent both entities and relationships between them.

Rows of the relation are referred to as tuples of the relation and columns are its attributes. Each attribute of the column are drawn from the set of values known as
domain. The domain of an attribute contains the set of values that the attribute may assume.

From the historical perspective, the relational data model is relatively new .The first database systems were based on either network or hierarchical models .The
relational data model has established itself as the primary data model for commercial data processing applications. Its success in this domain has led to its applications
outside data processing in systems for computer aided design and other environments.



DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DBMS & RDBMS

A DBMS has to be persistent, that is it should be accessible when the program created the data ceases to exist or even the application that created the data restarted. A
DBMS also has to provide some uniform methods independent of a specific application for accessing the information that is stored.

RDBMS is a Relational Data Base Management System Relational DBMS. This adds the additional condition that the system supports a tabular structure for the data, with
enforced relationships between the tables. This excludes the databases that don't support a tabular structure or don't enforce relationships between tables.

You can say DBMS does not impose any constraints or security with regard to data manipulation it is user or the programmer responsibility to ensure the ACID PROPERTY
of the database whereas the RDBMS is more with this regard because RDBMS define the integrity constraint for the purpose of holding ACID PROPERTY.

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