There is no passing or failing Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) score; individual higher education institutions and agencies set their own score requirements.

TOEFL scores are valid for 2 years after the test date and there is no limit to the number of times one can take the test, but cannot take it more than once in a 12-day period.

If already have a test appointment, cannot register for another test within 12 days of existing appointment.

The scores are based on performance on the questions in the test. One need to answer at least one question each in the Reading and listening sections, write at least one essay, and complete at least one Speaking task to receive an official score.

For the TOEFL iBT test, administered via the Internet, one receives 4 scaled section scores and a total score:
 Reading Section (Score of: 0–30)
 Listening Section (Score of: 0–30)
 Speaking Section (Score of: 0–30)
 Writing Section (Score of: 0–30)
 Total Score (0–120)

In addition to scores, test taker score report also includes performance feedback that is a reflection of performance level and a description of the kinds of tasks that test takers within the reported score range can typically do.

ETS uses both human raters and automated scoring methods to offer a complete and accurate picture of a test taker's ability.

While automated scoring models have advantages, do not measure the effectiveness of the language response and the appropriateness of its content.

Human raters are needed to attend to a wider variety of features, such as the quality of ideas and content as well as form.

It uses automated scoring to complement human scoring for the two tasks in the Writing section. Combining human judgment for content and meaning, and automated scoring for linguistic features, ensures consistent, quality scores.