The Question Paper of the Competitive Examination for Entry into Administrative and Special Departmental Cadres of the Administrative Staff College Of Nigeria is given below

Logical Thinking


Identity the premises and conclusion(s) of the following passages. State Whether or not premises support the conclusion. Also state why the premises do or do not support the conclusion.

(Note that you are not required to give your own views on the topics discussed in the passages.)

1. So‐called ‘experts’ on children often urge parents to allow their children to have as much freedom as possible in exploring their ‘environment’. They argue that children are naturally curious about the world and so should not be prevented from finding out all about it even if this is sometimes inconvenient to their parents. But think of what it would be like if animals –who are also naturally curious – were given the freedom to explore their ‘environment’ without control. There would be chaos. This being the case, we should pay little attention pay little to the views of the experts.

Take From Roy van den‐Brink‐ Budgen, Critical thinking for Students.

If America were to sanction torture, to begin with extremely rare cases, there might be some immediate gains in security.. But, for the democratic West any such gains would be outweighed by greater harm. The prohibition against torture expresses one of the west’s most powerful taboos(like that against the use of nuclear weapons) are worth preserving even at heavy cost. Though many authoritarian regimes use torture,
not one of these openly admits it. A decision by the United States to employ some forms torture no matter how limited the circumstances, would shatter this taboo. The morale of the west in that may be a long war against terrorism would be gravely set back: to stay strong, the liberal democracies need to certain that they are better than their enemies.

The Economics, JANUARY 11‐17 , 2003

3. The leader of the opposition can hardly accuse us of distorting the truth. He wasn’t telling the truth who he said that he would support all measures to combat crime.
4. It is naïve to assume that whatever the character or duration of military rule, its end would automatica revive the political process and activate the legislature, the judiciary, the press and other democratic institution s. Experience shows that military rule fundamentally changes the political choice.
Altaf Gaufar, South: Third World Magazine, 1983

Democratic Governance without legitimacy is a hollow shell. Legitimacy is the soul of democracy, it ensures that the people are carried along such that even when difficult decisions or measures are taken, the will not be life‐threatening to the democratic system.
New Age editorial, December 4, 2003.

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