hii sir, will you please provide me the MBA finance Syllabus of the Algappa university ? Please provide it?

As you asking for the MBA Financial management syllabus of the Algappa university the syllabus is given below :

MBA Finance management syllabus

1.1: MANAGEMENT – PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

UNIT 1
Management: Definition – Nature – Scope and Functions – Evolution of Management thought – Contributions of FW Taylor, Henri Fayol, Elton Mayo, Roethilisberger, H.A.Simon and P.F Drucker- Universality of Management - Relevance of management to different types of organization.

UNIT 2
Planning and Decision Making: Nature, importance and planning process – Planning premises – Components of planning as Vision, Mission, Objectives, Goals, Policies, Strategies, Procedures, Methods, Rules, Projects and Budgets – Decision-making – Meaning – Types – Decision-making Process under Conditions of Certainty and Uncertainty.

UNIT 3
Organizing: Nature, purpose and kinds of organization – Structure – Principles and theories of organization – Departmentalization – Span of control – Line and staff functions – Authority and responsibility – Centralization and decentralization – Delegation of authority – Committees – Informal organization.

UNIT 4
Staffing and Directing: General Principles of Staffing- Importance and techniques of Directing- Motivation – Meaning – Importance – Theories: Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor (X&Y), Ouchi (Z), Vroom, Porter-Lawler, McClelland and Adam- – Communication: Meaning – Types – Process – Barriers; Leadership: Significance, Types Styles and Theories- Trait, Contingency, Situation, Path-Goal, Tactical, Transactional, Transformational and Grid.

UNIT 5
Coordination and Controlling: Coordination: Concept, Need and techniques; Controlling: Objectives and Process of control – Devices of control – Integrated control – Special control techniques.
UNIT 6
New Perspectives in Management - Strategic alliances – Core competence – Business process reengineering – Total quality management – Six Sigma- Benchmarking- Balanced Score-card.

REFERENCES

1. Stoner, et-al, Management, Prentice Hall, 1989.
2. Koontz and O’Donnell, Management: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill, 1990
3. Weihrich and Koontz, Management: A Global Perspective, McGraw Hill, 1988
4. Peter F. Drucker, Management, 2008.
5. Gene Burton and Manab Thakur, Management Today: Principles and Practice, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Ricky W. Griffin, Management, South-Western College Publications, 2010
7. Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, Management, 9th Edition, 2006.
8. Kaplan and Norton, The Strategy-Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, HBP, 2000.

1.2: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR


UNIT 1

Organizational Behaviour: Meaning – Elements – Need – Approaches – Models – Global scenario; Individual Behaviour: Personality & Attitudes- Development of personality - Nature and dimensions of attitude - Organizational Commitment – Learning – Attitudes – Perception – Motivation – Ability – Their relevance to organizational behavior.

UNIT 2

Group Behaviour: Theories of Group Formation - Formal Organization and Informal Groups and their interaction- Importance of teams - Formation of teams - Team Work- Group dynamics – Group norms – Group cohesiveness – Their relevance to organizational behavior.

UNIT 3

Organizational Power and Politics: Organizational Power: Definition, Types of powers, Sources and Characteristics – Effective use of power- Organizational Politics: Factors and Impact.

UNIT 4

Organizational Stress and Conflict Management: Stress Management: Meaning – Types – Sources – Consequences – Management of stress- Organizational conflict: Constructive and Destructive conflicts - Conflict Process - Strategies for encouraging constructive conflict - Strategies for resolving destructive conflict.

UNIT 5

Organizational Dynamics: Organizational Dynamics – Organizational Efficiency, Effectiveness and Excellence: Meaning and Approaches – Organizational Culture – Meaning, significance – Organizational Climate – Implications on organizational behavior.
UNIT 6
Organizational Change and Development: Organizational Change: Meaning, Nature and Causes of organizational change – Resistance to change – Management of change- Organizational Development: Meaning, Nature and scope of OD – OD Interventions- Challenges to OD- Learning Organizations.

REFERENCES

1. Fred Luthans, Organizational Behaviour, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006.
2. Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Prentice Hall; 2010
3. Keith Davis, Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work, McGraw Hill, 2010
4. Griffin and Moorhead, Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, 2006.
5. Judith R. Gordon, Organizational Behavior: A Diagnostic, Prentice Hall, 2001.
6. K.Aswathappa, Organizational Behaviour, Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai, 2010
7. Judith R. Gordon, A Diagnostic Approach to Organisational Behaviour, Allyn & Bacon, 1993.






1.3: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

UNIT 1

Economics & Business Decisions: Meaning, nature and scope of Managerial Economics– Relationship between Economic theory and Managerial Economics –Role of Managerial Economics in Business Decisions.

UNIT 2

Demand and Supply Analysis: Meaning, types and determinants of demand- Elasticity of Demand: Types, Measures and Role in Business Decisions- Determinants of supply- Elasticity of Supply- Measures.
UNIT 3
Cost, Return and Production Function: Cost function and cost output relationship – Economics and Diseconomies of scale – Cost control and cost reduction- Cost Behaviour and Business Decision- Relevant costs for decision-making- Cobb-Douglas and other Production Functions.

UNIT 4

Pricing Functions: - Pricing and output decisions under different competitive conditions – New Product Penetrative Decision and Skimming the cream Pricing- Government control over pricing – Price discrimination – Price discount and differentials.

UNIT 5

Profit and Investment Analysis: Meaning – Measurement of profit – Theories of Pricing- Profit planning and forecasting – Profit maximization – Cost volume profit analysis – Investment analysis and Evaluation: IRR, NPV and APV techniques.

UNIT 6

Macro-economic Factors: Business cycle –Phases and Business Decision- Factors causing Inflation and Deflation- Control measures – Balance of payment Trend and its implications in managerial decision- National Income: Measures and Sectoral and Population distribution- Utility for Business Decision making.

REFERENCES

1. Dominick Salvatore, Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, Oxford University Press, 2011.
2. Ivan Png and Dale Lehman, Managerial Economics, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.
3. Gupta G S, Managerial Economics, Tata McGraw-Hill.
4. Varshney and Maheswari, Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand and Sons.
5. Mehta P L, Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand and Sons.
6. Joel Dean, Managerial Economics, Prentice-Hall.
7. Rangarajan L, Principles of Macro Economics, Tata McGraw-Hill.

1.4: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

UNIT 1

Basic Quantitative Concepts: Place of quantitative analysis in the practice of management – Problem definition: Models and their development – Concept of trade off – Notion of constants – Variables and function: Linear and Non-linear –Graphical representation of functions and their applications in cost and revenue behavior –Slope and its relevance –Use of functional relationships to understand elasticity of demands, Relationship between costs and level of activity, Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue – Decisions on Minimizing Costs and Maximizing output/profits.

UNIT 2

Linear Programming: Introduction to the linear programming – Concepts of optimization – Formulation of different types of linear programming – Duality and sensitivity analysis for decision-making- Solving LP using graphical and simplex method (only simple problems) – Interpreting the solution for decision-making

UNIT 3

Special Algorithms of LPP: Transportation Algorithm: Balanced and Unbalanced Problem Formulation and solving methods – North West Corner, Vogel’s Approximation- MODI method- Assignment and Travelling Executive Algorithms

UNIT 4

Probability: Introduction to the Concept of probability – Concept of events – Probability of events – Joint, conditional and marginal probabilities- Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal – Features and Applications.

UNIT 5

Simulation & Queuing: Introduction to simulation as an aid to decision-making- Inventory, Cash, Project and Product launching problems using Monte Carlo simulation- Queuing Theory: M/M/1 queuing model and applications.


UNIT 6

Decision Theory: Introduction to Decision Theory: Pay-off and Loss tables – Expected value of pay-off – Expected value of Perfect Formation – Decision Tree approach to choose optimal course of action – Criteria for decision – Mini-max, Maxi-max, Minimizing Maximal Regret and their applications.

REFERENCES

1. David R. Anderson, et al, An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, Cengage Learning, 2008.
2. Lucey, Quantitative Techniques Cengage Learning Business Press, 2002
3. Sharma, Operations Research: Theory and Applications.
4. Richard I Levin, & C. Atkinson Kirkpatrick, Quantitative Approaches to Management, McGraw-Hill.
5. K. Gupta and D.S. Hira, Operations Research.
6. Srivastava, Shenoy and Sharma, Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decision-making, New Age International, 2006.
7. N.D. Vohra, Quantitative Techniques in Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
8. V.K. Kapoor, Operations Research.
9. Dharani Venkatakrishnan, Operations Research: Principles and Problems.
10. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 2002.


1.5: FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING


UNIT 1

Accounting: Definition – Accounting for historical function and managerial function – Scope of accounting – Financial accounting and Management accounting – Managerial uses – Differences- Financial Accounting concepts – Conventions – Principles – Accounting standards.

UNIT 2

Double entry system of accounting: Accounting books – Preparation of journal and ledger, subsidiary books – Errors and rectification – Preparation of trial balance and final accounts- Accounting from incomplete records – Statements of affairs methods – Conversion method – Preparation of Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet from incomplete records.


UNIT 3

Financial Statement Analysis: Financial statements – Nature of financial statements – Limitations of financial statements – Analysis of interpretation – Types of analysis- Tools of analysis: Trend analysis, Common size statements and Comparative statements; Ratio Analysis: Types – Profitability ratios – Turnover ratios – Liquidity ratios – Proprietary ratios – Market earnings ratios- Uses and limitations of ratios – Construction of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with ratios and relevant figures.

UNIT 4

Fund and Cash Flow: Fund Flow Statements: Need and meaning – Preparation of schedule of changes in working capital and the fund flow statement – Managerial uses and limitation of fund flow statement- Cash Flow Statement: Need – Meaning – Preparation of cash flow statement – Managerial uses of cash flow statement – Limitations – Differences between fund flow and cash flow analysis.


UNIT 5

Budgeting and Budgetary Control: Concept and Need for Budgeting- Classification of budgets –Preparation of Sales, Production, Material, Purchase and Cash Budgets –Budgetary control system – Mechanism – Master budget.

UNIT 6

Capital Budgeting System: Importance – Methods of capital expenditure appraisal – Payback period method – ARR method – DCF methods – NPV and IRR methods – Their rationale – Capital rationing.

REFERENCES

1. Arulanandam & K.S. Raman, Advanced Accounting, Himalaya Publishing House.
2. Gupta & Radhasamy, Advanced Accounting, Sultan Chand & Sons.
3. Shukla & T.S. Grewal, Advanced Accounting, S.Chand &Company.
4. Jain & Narang, Advanced Cost Accounting, Kalyani. Publications.
5. Ravi M. Kishore, Cost Management, Taxman Publications
6. S.N. Maheswari, Management Accounting & Financial Accounting, Vikas Publishers.
7. Manmohan & Goyal, Principles of Management Accounting, Shakithabhavan Publication.
8. N. K. Prasad, Advanced Cost Accounting, Book Syndicate Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta.
9. Andrew A Haried, Advanced Accounting, Atlantic Publishers.
10. Hoyle, Advanced Accounting, McGraw Hill.

2.1 RESEARCH METHODS

UNIT 1

Meaning, Types and Process of Research: Meaning – Purpose – Types of Research – Pure & Applied, Historical & Futuristic, Analytical & Synthetic, Descriptive & Prescriptive, Survey & Experimental and Case & Generic Researches – Significance of research in social sciences – Process of research – Meaning – Scientific method – Induction and deduction.

UNIT 2

Planning Research: Research problem – Identification, selection and formulation of research problem – Review of literature in the field of business and economic management: Use in identifying Research Gaps and Techniques – Hypothesis – Meaning – Sources and Types of Hypothesis – Hypothesis Formulation for testing – Research design – Factors affecting research design – Evaluation of research design.

UNIT 3

Sampling Design: Census method and sampling method for investigation –Principle of sampling – Essentials of a good sampling – Methods of sampling – Probability and non-probability sampling methods – Sample size – Factors affecting the size of the sample – Biased sample – Sampling and non-sampling errors.

UNIT 4

Sources and Collection of Data: Sources of data – Primary and secondary data – Modes of data collection – Observation: Types and Techniques –Interview: Types and conduct – Preparation for an interview – Effective interview techniques – Limitations of interview – Schedule: Meaning and kinds – Essentials of a good schedule – Procedure for the formulation of a schedule – Questionnaire: Meaning and types – Format of a good questionnaire– Schedules vis-a-vis Questionnaires –Scaling techniques: Meaning, Importance, Methods of their construction of Questionnaires or Schedules – Pre-testing of Data Collection Tools- Validity and Reliability – Methods.


UNIT 5

Processing and Analysis of Data: Meaning – Importance – Process of data analysis – Editing – Coding – Tabulation – Diagrams – Univariate, Bivariate and Multi-variate analyses- Test of Hypothesis: Fundamentals on Test Procedure- Testing for significance of Mean/Proportion and difference between Means/Proportions- F Test for Means and Chi-square test Contingency Table – Concept and Types of Non-parametric Texts- Mann Whitney Test- The process of interpretation of Test Results– Guidelines for making valid interpretation.

UNIT 6

Report Writing : Role and types of reports – Contents of research report – Steps involved in drafting reports – Principles of good report writing – Grammatical Quality – Language flow- Data Support- Diagrammatic Elucidation- References and Annotations – Clarity and Brevity of expressions- Features of a good Report- Criteria for evaluating research reports/ research findings.

REFERENCES

1. John W Best & James V. Kahn Research in Education, Allyn and Bacon, 2009
2. Anderson et-al, Thesis and Assignment Writing, Wiley, New Delhi, 1989.
3. William Josiah Goode and Paul K. Hatt, Methods of Social Research, McGraw Hill, 1981.
4. Wilkinson and Bhandarkar, Methods and Techniques of Social Research, 2003, HPH.
5. Earl R. BabbieRobert, The Practice of Social Research, Cengage Learning, 2010.
6. B. Burns & A. Burns, Business Research Methods and Statistics Using SPSS, Sage Publications, 2008.
7. Krishnaswami and Ranganatham, Research Methodology in social Sciences, HPH, Mumbai
8. Bryman & Bell: Business Research Methods, OUP.
9. Pauline V Young, Scientific Social Surveys and Research, Prentice-Hall, (Digitalized) 2007.
10. C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2009


2.2: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT


UNIT 1

Business Environment: Dynamic factors of environment – Importance of scanning the environment – Fundamental issues captured in PESTLE– Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal and Ecological environment- Opportunities and Threats as environmental issues to address by Businesses.

UNIT 2

Political Environment: Government and Business – Political Systems, Political Stability and Political Maturity as conditions of business growth- Role of Government in Business: Entrepreneurial, Catalytic, Competitive, Supportive, Regulative and Control functions- Government and Economic planning: Industrial policies and promotion schemes – Government policy and SSI – Interface between Government and public sector.

UNIT 3

Economic Environment: Phase of Economic Development and its impact- GDP Trend and distribution and Business opportunities- Monetary System and Business capital: Quantum, Types, Risk and Cost- Role of Banks; Role of Financial Institutions- Role of Central Bank- Fiscal System: Government Budget and Taxation Measures- Fiscal Deficits and Inflation- FDI and collaboration –Foreign Capital tapping by businesses- Export-Import policy – Foreign Exchange and Business Development.

UNIT 4

Social and Technological Environment: Societal Structure and Features- Entrepreneurial Society and its implications for business – Social and cultural factors and their implications for business- Technology Development Phase in the Economy as conditioner of Business opportunity- Technology Policy- Technology Trade and transfer- Technology Trends in India- Role of Information Technology – Clean Technology.

UNIT 5

Legal and Ecological Environment: Legal Environment as the all enveloping factor from inception, location, incorporation, conduct, expansion and closure of businesses- Legal Aspects of Entering Primary and Secondary Capital Markets- Law on Patents- Law on Consumer Protection- Law on Environmental Protection- Need for Clean energy and Reduction of Carbon footprint.

UNIT 6

New Economic Policy Environment in India: Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG): Efficiency Drive through Competition- Facets of Liberalization and impact on business growth – Aspects of Privatization and impact on business development– Globalization and Enhanced Opportunities and Threats – Extended competition in Input and Output Markets Role of WTO, IMF and World Bank in global economic development.

REFERENCES

1. Brooks, Weatherston, Wilkinson, International Business Environment, Pearson, 2010.
2. Steiner & Steiner, Business, Government and Society: A Managerial Perspective, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
3. Mohinder Kumar Sharma, Business Environment in India, South Asia Books.
4. Adhikary M, Economic Environment of Business, Sultan Chand & Sons.
5. Amarchand D, Government and Business, TMH.
6. Francis Cherunilam, Business Environment and Development, Himalaya Publishing House, 2008.
7. Maheswari & Gupta, Government, Business and Society.

2.3: BUSINESS LAWS

UNIT 1

Indian Contract Act 1872: Contract – Meaning – Essential elements – Nature of contract – Performance of contract – Discharge of contract - Remedies for breach of contract – Quasi contracts.

UNIT 2

Special Contracts: Indemnity and Guarantee – Bailment and Pledge – Law of Agency.

UNIT 3

Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Contract of sale - Conditions and Warranties - Transfer of property - Performance of the contract – Rights of an unpaid seller.
Laws on Carriage of Goods: Duties, Rights and Liabilities of Common Carriers under: (i) The Carriers Act, 1865. (ii) The Railways Act, 1989, (iii) The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925, (iv) The Carriage by Air Act, 1972 and (v) The Carriage By Road Act, 2007

UNIT 4

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Negotiable Instruments: Features – Types- Parties– Material alteration.
Law of Insurance: Features of Contracts of Insurance – Fundamental Principles of Life Insurance, Fire Insurance and Marine Insurance.

UNIT 5

Indian Partnership Act, 1932: Meaning and test of partnership – Registration of firms – Relations of partners – Dissolution of firms.
UNIT 6

Companies Act 1956: Nature and kinds of companies – Formation of a Company – Management of companies –Meetings- Types- Requirements - Protection of minority interest- Methods of Winding-up

REFERENCES

1. M.S.Pandit and Shobha Pandit, Business Law, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 2010.
2. Pathak, Legal Aspects of Business, TMH, 2009.
3. N.D. Kapoor, Mercantile Law, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
4. M.C. Shukla, Mercantile Law, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
5. Relevant Bare Acts.
6. Balachandran and Thothadri, business Law, TMH, 2010


2.4: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM


UNIT 1

Concept of Management Information System: Concepts of Information System and Management information systems- Information System design and development-Implementation testing and conversion- Evolution and element of MIS – Definition – Characteristics and basic requirements of MIS – Structure of MIS- Approaches to MIS development- Computerized MIS- Pre-requisites of an effective MIS- Limitations of MIS.

UNIT 2

MIS and Decision support System (DSS): MIS Vs data processing – MIS and decision support system – MIS and information resource management – MIS and Operations Research- Executive information and decision support systems – Artificial intelligence and expert system – MIS in Indian organizations – Recent developments in information technology.

UNIT 3

Computers and Communication: Information technology and Global integration –On-line information services – Electronic bulletin board systems – The internet, electronic mail, interactive video – Communication Channels – Communication networks – Local area networks – Wide area networks – Video conferencing- Relevance to MIS.

UNIT 4

Functional Information systems: MIS for Research Production - MIS for Marketing - MIS for Personnel - MIS for Finance - MIS for Inventory- MIS for Logistics- MIS for Product Development- MIS for Market Development.

UNIT 5

Client/ Server Computing: Communication servers – Digital networks – Electronic data interchange and its applications – Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP Systems) – Inter-organizational information systems – Value added networks – Networking.

UNIT 6

Electronic Commerce and Internet: E-Commerce bases – E-Commerce and Internet – M-Commerce- Electronic Data Inter-change (EDI)- Applications of internet and website management.

REFERENCES

1. James O'Brien & George Marakas, Management Information Systems, McGraw Hill, 2011.
2. Kenneth Laudon & Jane Laudon, Essentials of MIS, Prentice Hall, 2010.
3. Lisa Miller, MIS Cases: Decision Making with Application Software, Prentice Hall, 2008.
4. David M. Kroenke, Experiencing MIS, Prentice Hall, 2011.
5. Kenneth C. Laudon, MIS: Managing the Digital Firm, Prentice Hall, 2005.
6. Sadogopan S, Management Information Systems, 2001PHI.
7. Murdie and Ross, Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall.
8. Henri C. Lucas, Information Systems Concepts for Management, McGraw Hill, 1994.
9. Stephen Haag, Management Information Systems, 2008.


2.5: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT


UNIT 1:

Introduction to Human Resource Management: Definition – Objectives and functions – Role and structure of Human Resource Function in organizations- Challenges in Human Resource Management -- Approaches to Human Resource Management

UNIT 2

Human Resource Planning: Personnel Policy - Characteristics – HR Planning: Need, Scope and Process – Job analysis – Job description – Job specification- Succession Planning.

UNIT 3

Recruitment and Selection Process: Sources of recruitment- internal Vs. External; Domestic Vs. Global sources- Selection process- Placement and Induction – Training and Development: Need Assessment- Training methods for Operatives and Supervisors - Executive development: Need and Programs.

UNIT 4

Employee Compensation and Retention: Wages and Salary Administration – Bonus – Incentives – Fringe Benefits –Flexi systems- Sweat Equity- Job evaluation systems –Promotion – Demotions – Transfers- Labour Attrition: Causes and Consequences- Employee Retention: Need and Programs.

UNIT 5

Employee Welfare, Separation: Welfare and safety – Accident prevention – Employee Grievances and their Redressal – Industrial Relations – Trade Unions – Multiplicity of Trade Unions – Workers Participation in Management- Separation: Need and Methods.

UNIT 6

Human Resource Information System- Personnel Records/ Reports- e-Record on Employees – Personnel research and personnel audit – Objectives – Scope and importance.

REFERENCES

1. Mathis and Jackson, Human Resource Management, South-Western College, 2004.
2. Nkomo, Fottler and McAfee, Human Resource Management, South-Western College, 2007.
3. R. Wayne Mondy, Human Resource Management, Prentice Hall, 2011.
4. Venkataraman & Srivastava, Personnel Management & Human Resources
5. Arun Monappa, Industrial Relations
6. Yodder & Standohar, Personnel Management & Industrial Relations
7. Edwin B. Flippo, Personnel Management , McGraw-Hill, 1984
8. Pigors and Myers, Personnel Administration
9. R.S. Dwivedi, Manpower Management
10. Lynton & Pareek, Training and Development, Vistaar Publications, 1990.

3.1: MARKETING MANAGEMENT
UNIT 1

Modern Marketing Concept: Social marketing concept – Approaches to the study of marketing – Marketing segmentation – Meaning – Bases for segmentation, benefits – Systems approach – Features of industrial, consumer and services marketing- Marketing Environment: External factor – Demographic factors – Internal factors – Marketing mix – Four P’s in marketing.
UNIT 2

Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Research: Meaning and importance – Consumer buying process – Determinants and theories of consumer behaviour – Psychological, sociological determinants – Theories and their relevance to marketing- Marketing Research: Meaning – Objectives – Procedure.
UNIT 3

Product Mix Management: Product planning and development – Meaning and process – Test marketing – Product failures – Product life cycles – Meaning and Stages – Strategies – Managing PLC- Product-Market Integration: Strategies – Product positioning – Diversification – Product line simplification – Planned obsolescence – Branding Policies and Strategies – Packing.
UNIT 4

Price Mix Management: Pricing and pricing policies – Objectives – Procedures – Bases for and Methods of price fixing – Cases for Free Pricing, Administered and Regulated pricing – Pricing and product life cycle.
UNIT 5

Physical Distribution Mix: Distribution channel policy – Logistics Decisions- Channel decisions: Choice considerations– Managing Conflict and Cooperation in channels – Middlemen functions- Modern Trends in Retailing- Malls and Online.

UNIT 6

Promotional Mix: Personal selling Vs impersonal selling – Personal selling – Process – Steps in selling – Management of sales force – Recruitment and selection – Training – Compensation plans – Evaluation of performance – Advertising – Importance – Objectives – Media planning and selection – Factors influencing selection – Advertisement copy – Layout – Evaluation of advertising – Advertising budget – Sales promotion – Methods and practices.
REFERENCES