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University of Calicut Management Concepts & Business Ethics paper syllabus :


MODULE 1
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
Managing is essential in all organized co-operation, as well as at all levels of
organization in an enterprise. It is the function performed not only by corporation President and
the army general but also of the shop supervisors and the company commander. Managing is
equally important in business as well as non business organizations. During the last few
decades, Management as a discipline has attracted the attention of academicians and
practitioners to a very great extent. The basic reason behind this phenomenon is the growing
importance of management in day to day life of the people.
Because of the divergent views, it is very difficult to give a precise definition to the term
―Management‖. It has drawn concepts and Principles from economics, sociology, psychology,
anthropology, history, and statistics and so on. The result is that each group of contributors has
treated Management differently. Management is invariably defined as the process of ―getting
things done through the effort of others‖, getting from where we are to where we want to be
with the least expenditure of time, money and efforts, or co-ordinating individual and group
efforts, or co-ordinating individual and group efforts towards super-ordinate goals.
Harold Koontz defines management in a very simple form where he states that
―Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally
organized groups‖.
Dalton E. McFarland defines Management as ―Management is defined for conceptual,
theoretical and analytical purposes as that process by which Managers create direct, maintain and
operate purposive organization through systematic co-ordinated co-operative human effort.‖
To sum up, we can say that management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims


NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
The study and application of Management techniques in managing the affairs of the
organization have changed it‘s nature over the period of time. The nature of Management can be
described as
1. Multi disciplinary
Management integrates the ideas and concepts taken from disciplines such as
psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, ecology, statistics, operation research, history
etc. and presents newer concepts which can be put in practice for managing the organizations.
Contributions to the field of management can be expected from any discipline which deals with
some aspects of human beings.
2. Dynamic Nature of Principles
Principles are a fundamental truth which establish cause and effect relationship of a
function. Based on practical evidences, management has framed certain principles, but these
principles are flexible in nature and change with the changes in the environment in which an
organization exists. In the field of Management, organization researches are being carried on to
establish principles in changing society and no principles can be regarded as a final truth.
3. Relative, Not Absolute Principles
Management Principles are relative, not absolute and they should be applied according to
the need of the organization. Each organization may be different from others. The difference
may exist because of time, place, socio-cultural factors etc. A particular management Principles
has different strength in different conditions and therefore Principles of Management should be
applied in the light of the prevailing conditions.
4. Management, science or Art
Science is based on logical consistency, systematic explanation, critical evaluation and
experimental analysis. It is a systematized body of knowledge. Management, being a social science
may be called as an inexact or pseudo science. The meaning of art is related with the bringing of
desired result through the application of skills. It has to do with applying of knowledge or science or
of expertness in performance. Management can be considered as an art and a better manager is one
who knows how to apply the knowledge in solving a particular problem

University of Calicut Management Concepts & Business Ethics paper syllabus :

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