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Entrance exam previous year question papers of M.Sc Microbiology of Banaras Hindu University

Fermentation process to manufacture ethyl alcohol is :
(1) An aerobic process
(2) An anaerobic process
(3) A polymerization process
(4) A catalytic aerobic process
The term 'anaerobic' means :
(1) Without bacteria
(2) Without CO,
(3) Without ATP
(4) Without 0,
Yeast contains :
(1) Invertase only
(2) Zymase only
(3) Both invertase and zymase
(4) Neither invertase nor zymase
4. Which gas is produced during fermentation?
(1) CO
(2) CO,
(3) Ch
(4) 0,
5. What is vinegar?
(1) Methanol
(2) Ethanol
(3) Formic acid
(4) Acetic acid
6. The source of sucrose in growth media required for industrial fermentation is_:
(1) Corn sugar
(2) Milk whey
(3) Sugarbeet molasses
(4) Soyabean meal
7. Acetic acid is produced by :
(1) Genus Gluconobacter
(2) Members of genus i\cetobacter
(3) Both Gluconobacter and Acctobacter (4) Aspergillus species
8. Which of the following acid is produced by incomplete oxidation rather than a
true fermentation?
(1) Gluconic acid (2) Acetic acid
(3) Citric acid
(4) Lactic acid
9. Growth in a closed system affected by nutrient limitation and waste product
accumulation is called:
(1) Batch culture (2) Ascus culture (3) flocculation
(4) Turbulation
, O. Growth phase docs not include following phases of bacteria:
(1) Decline phase
(3) Lag phase
(2) Stationary phase
(4) Log phase
11. In fcrmentar the top portion left without broth is called:
(1) Shaft
(2) Head space
(3) Impeller
(4) Sparger
12. For industrial production of ethanol, the yeast used is :
(1) K. pneumontae (2) K. fragi/is
(3) S. cerevisiae
(4) Both (2) and (3)
13. Over heating of fermentor during fermentation is controlled by :
(1) Cooling jacket (2) Steam
(3) Cool air
(4) None of these
________________________________________
14. Doubling time is:
(1) The rate of growth per unit time
(2) The time for the population to double in number / mass
(3) The number of times the inoculums has replicated
(4) All afthe above
15. "It is the enzyme zymase, not yeast itself responsible for fermenting the sugars"
was shown by :
(1) Buchner
(2) Mendel
(3) Linnaeus
(4) Muller
, 6. Permentation can occur outside the living cell, was proposed by :
(1) Nollet
(2) Lamark
(3) Buchner
(4) Darwin
17. In Heteroladic fermentation how many molecules of pyruvate arc converted
to lactate?
(1) Two molecules
(3) Three molecules
(2) One molecule
(4) None of the above
18. The word 'Fermentation' is derived from the latin verb "fervere" which means:
(1) To boil
(3) To cook
(2) To respire
(4) None of the above
19. Which of the following is a beneficial function performed by bacteria?
(1) Control insect populations
(2) Directly provide food for human
(3) Decompose organic material and recycle elements
(4) Cause disease
20. Disinfection is defined as :
(1) Use of chemical to treat living cells
(2) Use of chemical to treat inert surface
(3) Removal or destruction of all form of microbes
(4) Partial removal of microbes
( 3 )
21. Which of the fo110\ving is true for sanitization?
(1) Done by st~am under pressure
(2) Treatment by chemical antimicrobials
(3) May be done with high tempt washing or by clipping unto a chemical
disinfectant
(4) Done with the help of Clntibiotics
22. Branded product 'Dettal' used in personal hygi~ne, is a/ an :
(1) Antiseptic agent
(3) Senitizer
(2) Disinfectant
(4) Fermented product
23. 1Vhich of the following about [. coli is not true?
(1) E. coli is a parl of the gastric flora of humans
(2) E. coli is beneficial in human intestine
(3) A disease causing strain of [. coli causes bloody diarrhea
(4) None of the above
24. Which comes under 'prevention' category?
(1) Vaccine
(2) Antibiotics
(3) Analgesics
(4) None of the ab(AC
25. Which of the following i~ <1 beneficial activity of microorganisllls ?
(1) Some microorganisms use carbon dioxide
(2) Some microorganisms provide nitrogen for plant gro\\•th
(3) Some microorganisms are used in sewage treatment
(4) All of the above
26. Which of the following is El valid scientific name?
(1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(3) BaciJills tuberculosis
( 4 )
(2) Tubercle bacillus
(4) fusarium trichosis
________________________________________
27. Which of the following enzymes is used for glucose detection in blood?
(1) Glucose isomerase
(3) Amyloglucosidase
(2) Glucose oxidase
(4) Lucifcrasc
28. Which of the following is true for an antibiotic?
(1) It kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
(2) Produced by micro organisms
(3) Most of the antibiotics arc now chemically modified (semisynthetic)
(4) All of the above
29. Drug sensitivity is necessary:
(1) For relapse or fe-treatment cases
(3) For Drug resistance studies
(2) 'tVhen drug resistance is suspected
(4) All afthe above
30. "Medical mycology" is the study of:
(1) Mycobacterium (2) Medicine
(3) Fungi
31. Candida species causes opportunistic infections in :
(1) Immunocompromised person
(3) Cancer patients
(2) AIDS patients
(4) All of the above
32. Characteristics of Gram positive bacteria are:
(1) Stained dark blue or violet in Gram staining
(2) Thick peptidoglycan layer
(3) Cytoplasmic lipid membrane
(4) All olthe above
(4) Virus
33. Gram negative bacteria not stained dark blue or violet in Cram staining is:
(1) Due to presence of outer polysaccharide layer on peptidoglycan in cell wall
(2) Due to negative charge
(3) Due to cytoplasmic lipid membrane
(4) None of the above
( 5 )
34. Opportunistic infections are due to :
(1) Malnutrition
(3) Immuno-suppression
35. Herpes virus is a :
(1) Family of viruses
(3) Causes disease in animals only
36. Bacterial flora present in water is :
(1) Entamoeba
(3) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2) Recurrent infections
(4) All olthe above
(2) Cause latent infections
(4) Both (1) and (2)
(2) E.coli
(4) All of the above
37. Bacteria responsible for formation of curd from milk is :
(1) Lactobacilli
(3) Cocci
(2) Coliform bacteria
(4) None of the above
38. Genetically modified cultivars of which of the following plants are available?
(1) Herbicide resistant cotton
(3) Salt resistant tomatoes
(2) Insecticide producing cotton
(4) All olthese
39. The Ti plasmid from which plant pathogen is used to transfer plant genes
between species?
(1) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(3) Haemophilus influenzae
(2) Escherechia coli
(4) Salmonella typhimurium
40. Some micro-organisms produce poisonous substances known as :
(1) Enzymes
(2) Toxins
(3) Coagulator
(4) Hyluronidase
41. Root nodules of leguminous plants are produced by the following wherein they
fix nitrogen:
(1) Pseudomonas (2) Rhizobium
(3) Azotobacter
(4) Anabena
( 6 )
________________________________________
42. Heterocyst performs:
(1) Photosynthesis
(2) Photosynthc'Sis and nitrogen fixation
(3) Nitrogen fixation
(4) Respiration
43. The best and easy way to control crop pest is by :
(1) Crop rotation
(2) Chemicals
(3) Quarantine
(4) Biological control
44. The .................. is where organisms arc found on and in the aerial surface
plants roots.
(1) Rhizosphere (2) Microfilm
(3) Phyllospherc (4) Rhizoplane
45. The function of growth promoting rhizobacteria is to :
(1) Decompose the organic matter secreted by plant making the nutrients
available to the plants again
(2) Stimulate the mineral uptake by inhibiting activities of other bacteria in the
vicinity
(3) Enhance mycorrhizal activity
(4) Promote plant growth by producing chemical signals
46. The Nitrogen fixation form of Rhizobium is caned:
(1) Bacteroid
(2) Symbiosome (3) Infection thread (4) T-plasmid
47. Which of the following herbicide is an amino acid synthesis inhibitor?
(1) Fosamine
(2) Hexazinonc (3) 2,4-D
(4) Glyphosate
48. Which of the following herbicide is a photosynthetic inhibitor?
(1) Hexazinone
(2) Fosamine
(3) Glyphosate
(4) 2,4-D
( 7 )
________________________________________
49. Which of the following is implicit in the-colonization process?
(1) Ability to survive inoculation onto seed
(2) To multiply in the spermosphere
(3) To attach to the root surface and colonize there
(4) All of the above
50. Diversity of the members of rhizosphere community varies with:
(1) Plant species and age
(2) Location on the root and soil properties
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None olthe above
51. Nitrobacter converts:
(1) Nitrites to nitrates
(3) N, to nitrates
(2) Nt!, to nitrites
(4) None of these
52. Azotobacter and Clostridium are N2 fixing bacteria found in :
(1) Nodulated roots
(2) Free soil
(3) Leaves of plants
(4) None
53. Beijernick discovered:
(1) Nitrogen fixation
(2) Bacillus radicola
(3) Nodule formation in legumes
(4) Both (2) & (3)
54. Frankia is ........... . ... organism.
(1) Symbiotic
(2) Parasitic
(3) Ammonifying
55. The limiting factor in nitrification of soil is :
(1) pH
(2) Temperature (3) Air
( 8 )
(4) Putrifying
(4) Light
________________________________________
56. Insecticides are special inhibitors of :
(1) Excretory system
(3) Nervous system
(2) Digestive system
(4) Blood circulatory system
57. Which form of nitrogen is most usable by plants ?
(1) Nitrate
(2) Nitrite
(3) Nitrogen gas (4) Ammonia
58. All of the following have an impact on the nitrogen cycle except:
(1) The application of inorganic fertilizers applied to the soil
(2) The action of aerobic bacteria acting on livestock wastes
(3) The overplanting of nitrogen rich crops
(4) The discharge of muncipal sewage
59. Plants assimilate sulphur primarily in which form?
(1) Sulphates
(2) Sulphites
(3) Hydrogen sulphide
(4) Sulphur di-oxide
60. Which of the following enzyme detoxifies herbicide atrizine ?
(1) Glutathione-s-transferase
(2) Nitrilase
(3) Acetyl transferase
(4) Both (1) & (2)
61. During phosphorous cycle weathering makes phosphate available to :
(1) Tertiary consumers
(3) Consumer directly
(2) Producers
(4) Reservoir
62. The main nitrogen reservoir in the biosphere is :
(1) Rocks
(2) Oceans
(3) Atmosphere (4) Organism
63. Which of the following limits the desert ecosystem?
(1) Water
(2) Nitrogen
(3) Phosphorous (4) Both (1) and (2)
(9)
64. Water during its cycle falling on land enters:
(1) Surface Water (2) Aquifers
(3) Ground water (4) All of the above
65. In nature carbon cycle is contributed by :
(1) Photosynthesis (2) Respiration
(3) Fossil fuels
(4) All of the above
66. Cycling of the phosphorous occurs in the form of :
(1) HPOj"
(2) PO~-
(3) P2 (a gas)
(4) None ofthe above
67. The stable water balance on the earth is maintained by:
(1) Evaporation
(2) Precipitation (3) Surface run off (4) All of the above
68. Oxidation of ammonia into nitrite by chemo-synthetic bacteria is known as :
(1) Nitrification
(2) Denitrification
(3) Nitrogen fixation
(4) Transcription
69. The amount of oxygen required for oxidation by microbes in any unit volume
of water is called:
(1) Dissolve Oxygen (00)
(3) Eutrophication
(2) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
(4) Surface flow
70. The unwanted sound dumped into the atmosphere leading to health hazards
meant for:
(1) Water pollution
(3) Noise pollution
71. The largest reservoir of carbon is the:
(1) Atmosphere (2) Ocean
( 10 )
(2) Air pollution
(4) Radioactive pollution
(3) Rocks
(4) Lake
________________________________________
72. In terms of food chain or food pyramid, organisms that trap energy, such as
plants are known as :
(1) Primary producer
(3) Primary consumer
(2) Secondary prod ucer
(4) Secondary consumer
73. The biggest category of classification in biological taxonomy is :
(1) The phylum (2) The kingdom (3) The species
(4) The family
74. Organisms that break down and feed on wastes and dead organism arc called:
(1) Decomposer (2) Orrmivores
(3) Autotrophs
(4) Producers
75. Which of the following is/ are example of proto-coopcration ?
(1) Desulfavibrio and Chroma/ill"'
(2) The Pompeii Worm and sulfur oxidizing bacteria
(3) Shrimp Rimicans exomlata and filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
(4) All of the above
76. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter interaction m the nitrogen cycle is
an example of :
(I) Parasitism
(3) Commensalisms
(2) Protoco-opcration
(4) Syntrophism
77. Which of the following is not one of the major environment problems resulting
from human interference in the nitrogen cycle?
(1) Stratospheric ozone depletion
(2) Increased acid rain
(3) Nitrous oxide release increases global warming
(4) Eutrophication
78. The primary reservoir of nitrogen is :
(1) The atmosphere (2) Rocks
( 11 )
(3) Ammonia
(4) Nitrates
79. The term "activated sludge" is used for a common secondary treatment
technique because:
(1) It is very short lived, and therefore active compared to primary treatment
(2) It requires many workers, who are actively on gated in maintaining
the system
(3) It involves use of a mixture of detritus feeding organisms and is thus
activated
(4) It is continually stirred and therefore activated
80. Chlorine is often added to wastewater for disinfection before effluent
discharge. A Potential problem with the procedure is :
(1) The chlorine promotes cultural eutrophication
(2) Toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons may be formed
(3) Chlorine contributed to depletion of the ozone layer
(4) Chlorine gas is poisonous and may threaten near by homes
81. An organism that can thrive at temperature between 60-80°C :
(I) Psychrophile (2) Halophile
(3) Thermophile (4) Extremophiles
82. A community used water and water carried solids that flow to a treatment
plant are called:
(I) Effluent
(2) Wastewater
(3) Sludge
(4) Mixed liquor
83. A wastewater treatment plant may disposeof effluent by :
(1) Discharging onto land
(2) Evaporating into the atmosphere
(3) Discharging into receiving waters (4) All of the above
84. What was the first enzyme immobilized from the following?
(1) Cyclase
(2) Invertase
(3) Penicillin G
(4) Proteases
85. The functional groups of proteins suitable for covalent binding under mild
conditions include:
(1) The alpha amino groups of the chain
(2) The alpha carboxyl group of the chain end
(3) Gamma carboxyl groups of ASP and GLU
(4) All ofthe above
86. What is the microbial source used for the production of rennet commercially?
(1) BacilIus
(2) Pseudomonas
(3) Rhizomucor pusi/lus
(4) Pencillium notafum
87. GMO rennet was commercially produced by :
(1) Aspergillus niger
(2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(3) Pencillium spp.
(4) Spirulina
88. -Serratiopeptidase is an anti-inflammatory enzyme produced by:
(1) Serratia
(2) BacilIus
(3) Streptococcus
(4) Pseudomonas
89. A synthetic ribozyme caIled gene shears is developed and directed against
which disease?
(1) HN
(3) Cancer
(2) Hypertension
(4) Alzheimer disease
90. Who developed RNA enzyme system capable of self replication in
about an hour ?
(1) Lincoln and Joyce
(2) Tang and Breaker
(3) Arne Tisetius
(4) Howard Martin Tewn
91. Among the following which is a renewable polymer used for packaging
industry?
(1) Poly styrene (2) Polyethylene (3) PLA
(4) PVC
92. The most commonly used surface attachment agent in biosensors is :
(1) Hydrogel
(2) PEG
(3) TEMED
(4) Nitrocellulose
( 13)
________________________________________
93. Which bacteria is used as a biosensor for the analysis of low BOD
in river water?
(1) E. coli
(3) Salmonella enteriditis
(2) Pseudomonas putida
(4) Lysteria monoeytogenes
94. Identify negative modifiers of enzyme activity among the below:
(1) Sulfanilamide (2) Potassium
(3) Manganese
(4) Zinc
95. Theinamycins is an antibiotic produced by :
(1) S. cattleya
(2) Nocardia uniformis
(3) Agrobacterium radiobaeter
(4) Flexibaeter
96. The genes puh and puf are responsible for synthesis of :
(1) BacteriochlorophyU synthesis proteins
(2) Carotenoids synthesis proteins
(3) Pigrnent binding polypeptides
(4) Cytochromes
97. What is the oxidation state of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate?
(1) -3,+3,+5
(2) +5, + 3, + 2
(3) +1, +3, -3
(4) -3, + 3,-2
98. What is the electron acceptor used in the enrichment culture of denitrifying
bacteria?
(1) Potassium chloride
(3) Potassium nitrate
(2) Potassium sulfate
(4) Potassium chromate
99. The first evidence for the oxidation of inorganic substance by an organism
was given by :
(1) t.Schloesing and A.Mutz
(2) Winogradsky
(3) Robert Koch
(4) Alexander Fleming
100. What is the unusual sugar composition of a-polysaccharide?
(1) Colitose
(2) Mannose
(3) Rhamnose
(4) Galactose
101. What is the transducer that sense cobalt and nickel ?
(1) CheW
(2) CheA
(3) tar
(4) cheY
102. Causal organism of "transmissible spongiform encephalopathies" such as Kuru
disease" and Creutzfeldt Jacob Syndrome is :
(1) Bacteria
(2) Virus
(3) Prion
(4) Viroid
103. On the basis of structure to which category does Small pox virus belongs?
(1) RNA virus with icosahedral symmetry
(2) DNA virus with icosahedral symmetry
(3) DNA virus with complex symmetry
(4) RNA virus with helical symmetry
104. What are Androphages ?
(1) Phages attacking conjugating bacteria via conjugation tube
(2) Phages attacking bacterium via flagella
(3) Phages attacking bacterium by sex pilus
(4) Phages incapable of attacking bacterium
105. Which of the following class of antibiotics is most likely to fail against Gram
negative bacterium?
(1) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
(2) DNA synthesis inhibitors
(3) RNA subunit binding inhibitors
(4) Peptidyl transferase inhibitors
, 06. During Gram Staining, Iodine acts as 'a :
(1) Dye
(3) Mordant
(2) Decolorizing agent
(4) Indicator
107. Number of domains according to the latest system of classification is:
(1) 8
(2) 5
108. An F" cell is:
(1) Bacterial cell containing F factor
(2) Bacterial cell lacking F factor
(3) 3
(3) Bacterial cell containing F factor as Prophage
(4) Bacterial cell containing modified F factor
( 15 )
(4) 2
109. Diglycerol diphatanyl tetraether is found in the cell wall of :
(1) Archaebacteria
(2) Gram Positive bacteria
(3) Algae
(4) Gram Negative Bacteria
110. Enrichment culture technique was devised by :
(1) Beijerinck
(2) Ivanowsky
(3) Winogradsky (4) Ehrlich
111. Which of the following phages doesn't kill its bacterial host, but maintains a
slow but continuous release of new phage even while host replicates?
(1) A phage
(2) T2 phage
(3) M13 phage
112. Lysogenic conversion is:
(1) Conversion of normal bacterial cell into lysogen
(2) Conversion of phage into prophage
(3) Changes in host bacterium due to prophage
(4) Conversion of lysogenic to lytic phage
(4) T4 phage
113. The possible site for localization of Penicillin Binding Proteins, associated with
peptidoglycan biosynthesis is :
(1) Outer membrane
(2) Inner membrane
(3) Peptidoglycan layer
(4) Intermcmbrane space
114. Genetic material of Rotavirus, causing Rotavirus Diarrhea are:
(1) Double stranded DNA
(2) (+) strand of RNA
(3) (-) strand of RNA
115. Teichoic Acid is present in :
(1) Gram negative cell wall
(3) Bacterial cellular membrane
(4) Double stranded RNA
(2) Gram positive cell wall
(4) Bacterial cytoplasm
116. Which of the following microorganisms resides in host's gut ?
(1) Hepatitis A virus
(2) Polio virus
(3) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (4) Influenza virus
117. Viriods are:
(1) Smalt circular RNA molecules, associated with larger RNA molecules
(2) Small subunits of viral coat
(3) Hollow virus particles without nucleic acids
(4) Nucleic acid without viral coat
118. Discovery of Viroid is credited to :
(1) Prusiner
(2) Diener
(3) Ivanowsky
119. Which of the following requires cholesterol for growth ?
(1) Actinomycetes (2) Mycoplasma (3) PPLO
120. Specialized Transduction is an example of :
(4) Alpher
(4) Chlorophyceae
(1) Recombination
(3) Horizontal Gene Transfer
(2) Vertical Gene Transfer
(4) Crossing over
121. Type IV pilus and Type II excretion system is associated with:
(1) Conjugation
(2) Transformation
(3) Generalized Transduction
(4) Abortive Transduction
122. Domain System is devised on the basis of :
(1) Numerical Taxonomy and Percentage Similarity
(2) DNA homology experiments involving Hetcroduplcxcs
(3) Electron microscopic analyses of Ultramicroscopic structures
(4) Molecular level genetic analyses of 16S.r.RNA
123. In which of the following D amino acids are most likely to be found?
(1) Homo sapiens (2) Microcystis
(3) Escherichia coli (4) Oscillatoria
124. Which of the following belongs to Archaebacteria ?
(1) Cyanobacteria (2) Agrobacterium (3) Methanogens (4) Chlorophyceae
125. Saccluzromyces cerevisiae is employed for the production of :
(1) Idli
(2) Beer
(3) Bread
( 17)
(4) All of the above
126. Torulopsis utilis is :
(1) Food yeast
(2) Intestinal commensal
(3) Microorganism that yields third generation vaccines
(4) Employed for synthesis of citric acid
127. Heating mills and wines to 66°C for brief period and then sudden cooling is :
(1) Pasteurization (2) Sterilization (3) Fermentation (4) Preservation
128. Milk is changed into curd by :
(1) Acetobacter aceti
(3) Kilnthomonas citri
(2) Bacillus megaterium
(4) None of the above
129. Pasteurization frees the foodstuff from:
(1) All living bacteria
(2) All living organisms
(3) All vegetative forms of bacteria
(4) Vegetative forms of all pathogenic bacteria
130. Curd, milk, cheese and butter are produced with the usc of :
(1) Yeast
(2) Penicillin
(3) Streptococcus
(4) None of the above
131. Vinegar is prepared from alcohol with the help of :
(1) Lactobacillus
(2) Acetobacter
(3) Azotobacter
(4) None of the above
132. Rennin employed in the cheese industry is :
(1) Inhibitor
(2) Alkaloid
(3) Enzyme
(4) Activator
133. Distribution of clean and quality milk throughout the world has been made
possible as a result of the work of :
(1) Leeuwenkoek (2) Koch
(3) Pasteur
(4) Blackman
134. Which compound is added to the medium to absorb oxygen for the creation of
anaerobic conditions?
(2) Nitrous acid
(1) Sodiumthioglycollate
(3) Citrate
(4) None of the above
135. The Watson-Crick structure of DNA is referred to as;
(1) A-DNA
(2) B-DNA
(3) C-DNA
(4) Z-DNA
136. Which of the following has clove leaf like structure?
(1) mRNA
(2) tRNA
(3) rRNA
(4) DNA
137. Mutation theory of evolution is proposed by:
(1) Hugo de Varies (2) Darwin
(3) Lamarck
(4) Mendel
138_ Transposes are also called as :
(1) Walking chromosomes
(3) Jumping genes
(2) Running chromosomes
(4) None olthe above
139. Who among the following is related to transposons ?
(1) McClintok
(2) Hershey and Chase
(3) Jacob and Monod
(4) Ramakrishnan
140. The enzymes that helps in RNA primer formation is :
(1) DNA polymerase I
(2) DNA polymerase II
(3) DNA polymerase III
(4) DNA primase
141. Reverse transcriptase is a :
(1) DNA dependent RNA polymerase (2) RNA dependent polymerase
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) Neither (1) nor (2)
142. Which of the following enzymes helps in uncoiling of DNA?
(1) DNA primase (2) Ligase
(3) Helicase
(4) Lyase
143. pBR322 is a:
(1) Bacteriophase (2) Bacteria
(3) Virus
(4) Plasmid
144. Which of the following is called Nature's Genetic Engineer?
(1) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(2) RNA virus
(3) $x174
(4) NV
145. Western blotting is related to :
(1) DNA
(2) RNA
(3) Proteins
(4) Fats
146. DNA polymerase is involved in:
(1) Replication
(2) Transcription (3) DNA repair (4) Translation
147. Mutation is a:
(1) Defect in DNA strand
(3) Repetitive DNA sequence
(2) Alteration in DNA strand
(4) Single stranded RNA
148. DNA generally acts as template of:
(1) Only protein
(3) Only RNA
(2) Only DNA
(4) Both DNA and RNA
149. Artificial synthesis of DNA in the laboratory was first achieved by :
(1) Kornberg & Ochoa
(2) Khorana
(3) Altman
(4) Nirenberg & Mathei
150. The DNA probe, 3'GGCTTA will hybridises with DNA containing:
(1) 5'CCGUUA (2) 3'CCGAAT
(3) 5'CCGAAT
(4) 3'GGCAAU