Here I am giving information about Quantitative Estimation of HCL for your reference:

Objectives
To prepare a standard solution of sodium carbonate.
To determine the strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard sodium carbonate solution.

What is Titration?
One of the important methods in Quantitative Analysis is Volumetric Analysis, a commonly used laboratory technique. It is used to determine the unknown concentration of a sample by measuring its volume. This process is also called titration. In a titration, a solution of unknown concentration is reacted with a solution of known concentration. The solution taken in the burette is called the titrant and the solution taken in the conical flask is called the analyte.

What does the end point of a titration mean?
The endpoint of a titration is the point at which the reaction between the titrant and the analyte becomes complete. Generally the endpoint of a titration is determined using indicators.

What is a standard solution?
A solution of known concentration is called the standard solution. A standard solution can be prepared by dissolving a known quantity of the substance in a definite volume of the solvent. The substance used to prepare the standard solution can be classified into two types.

1. Primary standard
A primary standard has the following features.
It is highly pure and cheaply available.
It is highly soluble in water.
It is neither deliquescent nor hygroscopic.
It is highly stable.
Oxalic acid, Mohr's salt, potassium dichromate are some examples of primary standards.

2. Secondary standard
Substances whose standard solutions cannot be prepared directly are called secondary standards.

Some examples are sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate.

How do we express the concentration of a solution?

The concentration of a solution can be expressed in the following ways.

What does Acid-Base titration mean?
Titration can be classified into various types depending upon the chemical reactions occurring during titration. One of the commonly known titrations is the Acid-Base titration. It is a method used to determine the strength of an acid or alkali and this type of titration is based on the neutralisation reaction. In this reaction, acids and bases react to form salt and water.

Some common examples of acid-base indicators
Indicators pH Range Acid Base
Phenolphthalein 8.0 - 10.0 Colourless Pink
Methyl Orange 3.1 - 4.4 Red Orange
Methyl Red 4.4 - 6.2 Red Yellow
Phenol Red 6.4 - 8.0 Yellow Red
Thymol Blue 1.2 - 2.8 Red Yellow
Thymol Blue 8.0 - 9.6 Yellow Blue
Methyl Yellow 2.9 - 4.0 Red Yellow

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