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Syllabus :
Syllabus: PHYSICS (Subject Code: P04)
UNIT- I - Vector Fields
General expression for gradient, divergence curl and Laplace operators in orthogonal curvilinear
Co-ordinates and their explicit form in Cartesion spherical-co-ordinates, Stokes theorem and Gauss
theorem.

Matrix theory
Algebraic operation – Rank of a matrix. Eigen values and Eigen vectors - characteristic equation –
Cayely Hamilton theorem – Diagonalisation and Diagonalizability of unitary orthogonal. Hermitian and
symmetric matrices.
Special functions
Legendre, Hermite and Lagune equation basic properties – Gamma and Beta functions.

UNIT-II - Probability and Theory of errors
Basic concept of probability distribution – Exclusive events and addition – Compound events and
products – Binomial – Poisson and Guassian distribution – Normal distribution of error – Standard error –
Principle of least squares – Application of solution of linear equation – Curve fitting.
Group theory
Definition – Sub-groups – Homomorphism and isomorphism – Group representations –
Irreducible representation – Unitary representation.

UNIT – III - Classical mechanics
Generalised co-ordinates – D’Alembert's principle, Lagrangian equation of motion – Hamiltonian
equation – Conservative and non-conservative systems - Hamilton equation, cyclic variables, principle of
least action – Theory of small oscillations – Normal co-ordinates and normal modes - Linear Triatomi
molecule - Rigid bodies -Moments and products of inertia-Euler’s angle - Euler’s equation of motion-
Symmetric top.

UNIT-IV - Statistical Mechanics
Maxwell Boltzmann statistics Maxwellian distribution of velocities – Mean – root mean square
and most probable velocities Bose-Einstein statistics – Distribution function – Phonon gas – Black body
radiation – Fermy-Dirac statistics – Distribution function – Electron gas – Pauli paramagnetism –
Thermionic emission – Elementary idea of phase transition – Properties of liquid Helium – phase space,
Liouville’s theorem – statistical equation – micro canonical ensembles – Equation of statethermodynamic
functions of an ideal gas equipartition of energy.

UNIT-V - Electromagnetic theory
Coulomb law – Gauss law – Poisson’s equation – Laplace equation and solution to boundry value
problem – Electrostatics of dielectric media – Molecular polarisability and its application – Vector –
Scalar potential – B and H in a magnetic material – Maxwell’s equations and their significance –
Poynting theorem – Radiation of oscillating dipole.
Relativistic Mechanics
Basic ideas - Lorentz transformation. Time dilation and Lorentz contraction -Velocity addition
law - Momentum and energy in relativistic Mechanics - Centre of mass system for two relativistic
particles.

UNIT-VI - Spectroscopy
Rotation spectra – Vibration spectra – Rotation vibration spectra of diatomic and linear molecules
– Raman Spectra – experimental techniques and classical theory of Raman Scattering – Electronic state
of diatomic molecules – Frank–Condon principle – Hund’s coupling scheme – Evaluation of molecular
constant from vibrational spectra data. Interaction between nuclear spin and magnetic field – Nuclear
resonance-Chemical shift-Dipole-Dipole interaction-Spin lattice interaction.

UNIT-VII - Solid State Physics
Energy levels and density of states in one, two and three dimensions – Electrical and Thermal
conductivities – Wiedmann-Franz law. Energy bands in solids – Transport phenomena in semiconductors
operational functions of a junction diode-Schottky diode – Bloch theorem - Krong-Penny mudel –
Brillouin zones – Wave equation of an electron in a periodic potential.
Thermal Properties of solids
Laws of Thermodynamics – Maxwell’s relations and their applications – Phase transitions –
Production and measurement of low temperatures –Einstein and Debye theory of specific heats of solids.
Magnetic properties of materials
Langevin’s theory of dia-para-magnetism – Quantum theory of para – magnetism – Ferro –
magnetism – Ferri – magnetism – superconductivity – Meissner effect – Thermodynamics of
superconducting materials – London equation – B.C.S. theory – Josephson’s effect.
UNIT-VIII - Quantum mechanics
Schrodinger’s wave equation – Free particle – Particle in a potential well and barrier penetration -
The probability interpretation – Expectation value – Eigen functions and eigen values – Stationery states
– Wave packet – Uncertainty principle – Linear Harmonic oscillator – angular momentum and addition of
angular momenta.
Peturbation theory – Transition probability – Constant and harmonic perturbation – Scattering
theory – Differential and total scattering cross section – Born approximation – Partial wave analysis and
phase shift analysis – Relativistic wave equations – Klein – Gordon equations – Dirac equation and its
free particle solution.

UNIT-IX - Nuclear Physics
Binding energy – Semi empirical mass formula – Stability of nuclei – Nuclear forces – Ground
state of deuteron – Alpha decay – B decay – Fermi’s theory – Selection rules – Liquid drop model –
Nuclear fission – Shell model – Collective models.
Nuclear Instrumentation
Cyclotron - Synchro cyclotron – Proton synchrotron – Detectors – G.M.Counter – Scintillation
Counter – Bubble chamber – Nuclear reactors – Neutron cross section – Fission product – Energy release
– Chain reaction – Multiplication factor – Moderator – Natural Uranium – Diffusion equation.

Unit X - Electronics (Digital electronics)
Binary - Decimal – Octal and Hexadecimal numbers – 8421 Excess–3 - Gray Codes – Logic gates
– Laws Boolean algebra – Half and full adders – Subtractors – RS, RST, JK and M/S Flip-flops – Ripple
counter – Decade counter –Up-down counter – Serial and parallel registers.
Operational amplifier
Differential amplifier – Parameters – Applications – Analog integration and differentiation –
Analog computation – Comparators – Sample and hold circuits – Oscillator – Hartley-Colpitt-Phase Shift
- Wien’s bridge oscillators – Astable mono -Bistable multivibrators – Clipping and clamping circuits.
Microwave Physics
Microwave generation – Klystron – Magnetron – Travelling wave tubes – Microwave in
rectangular and cylindrical wave guides – Characteristics of Antennas – Short dipole radiation – Antenna
gain – Directivity – Radiation resistance – Radiation intensity.
Microprocessor
Evolution of Microprocessors – Organisation of micro-computers- Preliminary concepts – Basic
concepts of programming – Architecture – Address – Data and control buses – Memory decoding –
Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O.
Machine and instruction cycles – Addressing modes – Use of arithmetic logical data – Transfer
stack and I/O instructions – Instruction set and assembly programming of 8085 microprocessor – Fetch –
Execute – overlap – Instruction cycles – Instruction forward – Memories – RAM-PROMS, EPROMSEEPROMS
– Static and Dynamic RAM.

TRB PGT physics paper