My brother is studying for GPAT Entrance Test. He needs important notes based on Microbiology. So someone is here who will provide important notes based on Microbiology for GPAT Entrance Test?

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GPAT Entrance Test Microbiology Notes

Sterilization is a process in which all viable life forms are either killed or removed.
Aseptic technique: Procedure that exclude the excess of viable microorganisms into the products.

D-Value or Decimal Reduction Time: Time in minutes at any defined temperature to destroy 90% of viable organism.

Z-value or Thermal Destruction Time: Number of degree of temperature change to produce a tenfold change in D-value.

Tyndallization
Heating of material at 80

0 C for 3 successive days for 20 minutes.

Spores killed by propiolactone, formaldehyde
Ethylene oxide should be used with CO2 or fluorocarbon due to its inflammability.
HEPA filters ՜ Pore size ՜ 0.3μm.
Heated with bactericides at 80-900 C for ophthalmic preparations, vaccines.
Preservative: Benzalkonium chloride ՜ Not given in CSF and Spinal fluid.

TEST FOR STERILITY
Test for sterility are based upon the principle if microorganisms are placed in a medium whichprovides nutritive material and water and kept at favorable temperature, the organism will growand their pressure indicated by Turbidity method.

Culture media
Selective media: Permits only one type of microorganisms to grow and other type kills.
In Bile salts ՜ Gram –ve to grow
In Thyoglycolate ՜ Anaerobic bacteria to grow

Simple media: No idea about composition
Nutrient agar ՜ Solid
Nutrient Broth ՜ liquid
3⁄4 1.5% agar is used in culture media.

Synthetic/complex media: Exact composition
Yeast extracts ՜ Source of vitamin B
Beef extract ՜ Source of water soluble vitamins
Silica ՜ Used for autotrophic bacteria
Sodium Thioglycollate or Cysteine ՜ for anaerobic bacteria

For Endospore ՜ Malachite Green is used.
Archaebacteria ՜ found under high temperature, pH, Salt Concentration
Glycolipids present in cell wall instead of peptidoglycan.

Method of culturing:
(i) Serial dilution method
(ii) Streaking method
(iii) By use of micromanipulator
(i) Roll tube technique: For culturing the anaerobic bacteria
(ii) Pore plate (For dilution agar medium is used) or Spread plate technique (Diluted with water or buffer)

GPAT Entrance Test Microbiology Notes

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