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TNPSC Universe and Solar System Notes

UNIVERSE
The universe is a huge wide-open space that holds everything from the smallest particle to the biggest galaxy.
Scientists believe that about 13.7 billion years ago, a powerful explosion called the Big Bang happened. This explosion set universe in motion

Theories
There are three main theories which explain about the origin and evolution of the universe. They are,
The Big Bang Theory
The Steady State Theory
The Pulsating Theory

The Big Bang Theory
This theory was given by Le Maitre and George Gamow
According to this Theory, All the matters of the universe were concentrated in extreme dense and very hot. About 20 million years ago explosion occurred, and all the matters in that divided into many small pieces and form stars, galaxies.
On 30 th may 2010, scientist made a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) machine to test Big Bang Theory.

The Steady State Theory
This theory was given by Bondi, Gold and Fred Hoyle
According to this theory, the number of galaxies in the universe is constant

The Pulsating Theory
According to this theory, the universe is expanding and contracting alternately i.e. pulsating. At present universe is expanding, at one time the expanding will stop and contracting will occur. After it has contracted at a certain size, again explosion is occurs.

GALAXIES
Galaxies consist of stars, planets, dust particles, and gases which form a galaxy.
There are billions of galaxies in the Universe.
Galaxies are labeled according to the shape of them
Spiral – because of the gaint pinwheel shape (E.g. Milky Way Galaxy)
Elliptical- looks like flat ball
Irregular- does not have a regular shape
Starburst galaxy – in this type the stars are formed quickly by the gases in the galaxy. Compare with other type it has fast rate of star formation.

The Milky Way Galaxy
The Wide of the Milky Way is 100000 light-years.
It is a spiral shape galaxy
Our sun is the one of the star in the Milky Way galaxy
One light-year is the distance travel by the light in one year, that is 9.5 trillion kilometers.
Our Nearest Galaxy is Andromeda Galaxy

SOLAR SYSTEM
In our solar system consist of eight planets.

Inner planets:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

Outer planets:
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Inner Planets are also called as Solid Planets and Outer Planets are called as Gaseous Planets.
Densest planet is Earth.
Nearest planet to the Earth is Venus.
Hottest Planet is Venus, Due to the Presence of the Co2.
Coldest Planet is Neptune.
All the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical path.

SUN
Sun is the centre of the solar family.
The Diameter of the Sun is 1392000 kilometers.
It is also called as the Yellow Dwarf.
Sun is 109 times bigger than the earth.
The Core temperature of the Sun is 15,000,000 degree Celsius.
It Consist of large amount of the Hydrogen and Helium gases.
The Surface Temperature is 5,778 k or 5504 degree Celsius.
Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach the Earth from the surface of the Sun
The Revolution of the Sun is 224 million years.

Mercury
Planet Nearest to the Sun
Smallest Planet in the Solar system
Rotation = 58.6 days and Revolution = 87.87 days (Fastest Revolution)
Distance From sun: 5.79 Crores Km

Venus
Hottest planet, and called as Earth Twin.
Rotation = (-) 243 days and Revolution = 224.7 days
It Rotate in the anticlockwise Direction (East to West)
Distance From sun: 10.82 Crores Km

Earth
Third Planet and Fifth Largest Planet
Called as Blue Planet and
Rotation = 24 hrs (23 Hours 56 Min and 4 seconds) and Revolution = 365 ¼ days
Moon is the Satellite of the Earth
Distance From sun: 15 Crores Km

Mars
It is called as Red planet
Rotation = 24 hrs 37 min and Revolution = 687 days
Planet have the similar rotation to the earth Rotation time
Distance From sun: 22.79 Crores Km
Highest Mountain in the Mars is Olympus Mons or Nix Olympus. It is three time taller than the Everest. It Height is nearly 22 Km.

Jupiter
Largest Planet in the solar system, Contain gaseous practicals
Jupiter has 67 satellites
Rotation = 9 Hrs 55 min (Fastest Rotation) and Revolution = 11 years and 9 months
Distance From sun: 77.83 Crores Km

Saturn
Second Largest Planet and has 60 satellites
Rotation = 10 Hrs 40 min and Revolution = 29 years and 5 months
Distance From sun: 142.7 Crores Km
Titan is the biggest Satellite of the Saturn and it has atmosphere like as Earth

Uranus
Uranus has 27 satellites.
Rotation = (-)17 Hrs 39 min and Revolution = 84 years
Distance From sun: 287.1 Crores Km
Uranus rotate in East to West Direction
It Consist of 9 Rings made up of Dust particles.

Neptune
Coldest planet, farthest planet
Neptune has 13 satellites.
Rotation = 16 Hrs and Revolution = 164 years and 9 months
Distance From sun: 449.7 Crores Km

Attached Files

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